Proposal for the Inclusion of Tobacco Use in Suicide Risk Scales: Results of a Meta-Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Protocol and Registration
2.2. Search Strategy
2.3. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
2.4. Data Extraction
2.5. Summary Measures
2.6. Quality Assessment
2.7. Heterogeneity and Publication Bias
2.8. Sensitivity and Subgroup Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Studies Included
3.2. Smoking and Risk of Death by Suicide
3.3. Smoking and Risk of Suicide Ideation
3.4. Smoking and Risk of Suicide Attempts
3.5. Smoking and Risk of Suicidal Behaviours
3.6. Publication Bias
3.7. Sensitivity Analysis
3.8. Subgroup Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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1st Author Year | Country | Population | Sex | Age | Follow-Up (Years) | Sample | Suicidal Behaviours | NOS Quality |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beard 2011 | USA | Pesticide applicators | Both | >18 | 13.3 | 81,998 | Suicide | 8 |
Berlin 2015 | USA | General | Both | >18 | 3.5 | 34,653 | Attempt | 9 |
Clarke 2010 | USA | General | Both | 18–54 | 12 | 1292 | Ideation | 9 |
Doll 1994 | Britain | Doctors | Male | >35 | 40 | 10,812 | Suicide | 5 |
Evins 2017 | Finland | Twins | Both | >18 | 6 | 32,564 | Suicide | 8 |
Friberg 1973 | Switzerland | Twins | Both | >36 | 11 | 17,849 | Suicide | 7 |
Hemenway 1993 | USA | Nurses | Female | 30–55 | 12 | 107,083 | Suicide | 6 |
Iwasaki 2005 | Japan | General | Male | >40 | 10 | 45,209 | Suicide | 8 |
Jee 2011 | Korea | General | Both | 30–95 | 14 | 1,234,927 | Suicide | 8 |
Kang 2014 | Korea | General | Both | >65 | 2.4 | 909 | Ideation | 9 |
Kessler 2009 | USA | General | Both | 15–54 | 13 | 5001 | I/P/A | 9 |
Leistikow 2000 | USA | General | Both | >18 | 5 | 82,461 | Suicide | 9 |
Lucas 2013 | USA | Health professionals | Both | >25 | 32 | 253,033 | Suicide | 7 |
Miller 2000a | USA | Army soldiers | Male | >17 | 10 | 314,402 | Suicide | 7 |
Miller 2000b | USA | Health professionals | Male | 40–75 | 8 | 51,529 | Suicide | 7 |
Paffenbarger 1994 | USA | Harvard alumni | Male | 35–74 | 27 | 21,569 | Suicide | 6 |
Rantakallio 1995 | Finland | Pregnant women | Female | 14–49 | 28 | 11,994 | Suicide | 7 |
Riala 2009 | Finland | General | Both | 14–31 | 17 | 8332 | Attempt | 8 |
Sonderman 2014 | USA | General | Both | 40–79 | 9 | 73,422 | Suicide | 8 |
Tverdal 1993 | Norway | General | Both | 35–49 | 13.3 | 68,825 | Suicide | 9 |
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Echeverria, I.; Cotaina, M.; Jovani, A.; Mora, R.; Haro, G.; Benito, A. Proposal for the Inclusion of Tobacco Use in Suicide Risk Scales: Results of a Meta-Analysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 6103. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18116103
Echeverria I, Cotaina M, Jovani A, Mora R, Haro G, Benito A. Proposal for the Inclusion of Tobacco Use in Suicide Risk Scales: Results of a Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(11):6103. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18116103
Chicago/Turabian StyleEcheverria, Iván, Miriam Cotaina, Antonio Jovani, Rafael Mora, Gonzalo Haro, and Ana Benito. 2021. "Proposal for the Inclusion of Tobacco Use in Suicide Risk Scales: Results of a Meta-Analysis" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11: 6103. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18116103