Development of Creative Intelligence in Physical Education and Sports Science Students through Body Expression
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample
- Attendance at classes less than 85%;
- Not completing the pre- or post-test.
2.2. Instrument
2.3. Procedure
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
- Women started with a higher score than men (24.20 mean and 7.804 SD), and although an improvement in their final average could be observed (26.47 mean and 7.990 SD), it was not significant (t = −2.041 p = 0.061 ES = 0.2).
- Men, on the other hand, in the pre-test achieved a lower mean (22.65 mean and 6.971 SD), but in the general mean of the post-test was noted a significant increase (t = −4.029 p < 0.001 ES = 0.6) of these values (26.09 mean and 7.412 SD).
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Direct Score of CREA A + CREA B | Percentile | Creativity Level |
65 | 99 | High |
60–64 | 98 | |
56–59 | 97 | |
54–55 | 96 | |
53 | 95 | |
46–52 | 90 | |
42–45 | 85 | |
40–41 | 80 | |
38–39 | 75 | |
36–37 | 70 | Medium |
34–35 | 65 | |
33 | 60 | |
32 | 55 | |
30 | 50 | |
29 | 45 | |
28 | 40 | |
26–27 | 35 | |
24–25 | 30 | |
23 | 25 | Low |
20–22 | 20 | |
19 | 15 | |
17–18 | 10 | |
15–16 | 5 | |
13–14 | 4 | |
12 | 3 | |
11 | 2 | |
0–10 | 1 |
1st Session | First Contact with the Subject with Disinhibition Activities Through Specific Games with High Component of Fun (Impressions, Mime) |
2nd Session | Body knowledge and posture control: specific barre workout, stretching and body consciousness through relaxation techniques |
3th Session | Discover the space and the ways of displacement: formations and levels of movement |
4th Session | Learn to differentiate and follow different rhythms and intensities |
5th Session | Relationships development within the choreography: equals, mirror, different, alike, and complementary |
6th Session | Basic techniques used in traditional dances; coordination and creativity |
7th Session | Representation of group choreography and evaluation |
Test | n | Mean | SD | |
---|---|---|---|---|
CREA Pre | Low Level | 25 | 17.40 | 4.406 |
Medium Level | 24 | 29.08 | 3.866 | |
High Level | 0 | - | - | |
CREA Post | Low Level | 17 | 17.94 | 4.293 |
Medium Level | 30 | 30.04 | 4.081 | |
High Level | 2 | 39 | 1.414 |
Test | Level | Gender | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men | Women | ||||||
n | Mean | SD | n | Mean | SD | ||
CREA Pre | Low | 18 | 17.39 | 4.368 | 7 | 17.43 | 4.860 |
Medium | 16 | 28.56 | 3.847 | 8 | 30.13 | 3.944 | |
High | 0 | - | - | 0 | - | - | |
CREA Post | Low | 12 | 18 | 3.742 | 5 | 17.80 | 5.933 |
Medium | 21 | 30.05 | 4.189 | 9 | 30 | 4.065 | |
High | 1 | 40 | - | 1 | 38 | - |
Sport | Test | n | Mean | SD | p | ES |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Team | CREA Pre | 29 | 22.93 | 6.41 | 0.001 | 0.6 |
CREA Post | 29 | 27.31 | 7.31 | |||
Individual | CREA Pre | 20 | 23.40 | 8.36 | 0.231 | 0.1 |
CREA Post | 20 | 24.60 | 7.69 |
Test | Sport | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Team | Individual | ||||||
n | MEAN | SD | n | MEAN | SD | ||
CREA Pre | Low Level | 15 | 18.13 | 4.274 | 10 | 16.30 | 4.596 |
Medium Level | 14 | 28.07 | 3.731 | 10 | 30.50 | 3.779 | |
High Level | 0 | - | - | 0 | - | - | |
CREA Post | Low Level | 8 | 18.13 | 4.357 | 9 | 17.78 | 4.494 |
Medium Level | 19 | 29.95 | 3.965 | 11 | 30.18 | 4.468 | |
High Level | 2 | 39 | 1.414 | 0 | - | - |
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Vidaci, A.; Vega-Ramírez, L.; Cortell-Tormo, J.M. Development of Creative Intelligence in Physical Education and Sports Science Students through Body Expression. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 5406. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105406
Vidaci A, Vega-Ramírez L, Cortell-Tormo JM. Development of Creative Intelligence in Physical Education and Sports Science Students through Body Expression. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(10):5406. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105406
Chicago/Turabian StyleVidaci, Andreea, Lilyan Vega-Ramírez, and Juan Manuel Cortell-Tormo. 2021. "Development of Creative Intelligence in Physical Education and Sports Science Students through Body Expression" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10: 5406. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105406
APA StyleVidaci, A., Vega-Ramírez, L., & Cortell-Tormo, J. M. (2021). Development of Creative Intelligence in Physical Education and Sports Science Students through Body Expression. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(10), 5406. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105406