Changes in Sitting Time, Screen Exposure and Physical Activity during COVID-19 Lockdown in South American Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Subjects
2.2. Power and Sample Size Calculation
2.3. Data Collection
2.3.1. Questionnaire
2.3.2. Sociodemographic Characteristics
2.3.3. Chronic Physical Diseases
2.3.4. Lifestyle Factors
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Limitations and Strengths
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Total (n = 1305) | Argentina (n = 575) | Chile (n = 730) | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
Age intervals | 18–24 | 157 (12.0%) | 36 (6.3%) | 121 (16.6%) | <0.001 |
25–34 | 239 (18.3%) | 111 (19.3%) | 128 (17.5%) | ||
35–44 | 317 (24.3%) | 128 (22.3%) | 189 (25.9%) | ||
45–54 | 229 (17.5%) | 95 (16.5%) | 134 (18.4%) | ||
55–64 | 238 (18.2%) | 121 (21.0%) | 117 (16.0%) | ||
≥65 | 125 (9.6%) | 84 (14.6%) | 41 (5.5%) | ||
Gender | Male | 256 (19.6%) | 119 (20.7%) | 137 (18.8%) | 0.384 |
Female | 1049 (80.4%) | 456 (79.3%) | 593 (81.2%) | ||
Area of Residence | NOA + NEA/North | 62 (4.8%) | 26 (4.5%) | 36 (4.9%) | 0.112 |
Center/Center | 1114 (85.4%) | 481 (83.7%) | 633 (86.7%) | ||
Patagonian/South | 129 (9.9%) | 68 (11.8%) | 61 (8.4%) | ||
Marital Status | Single | 460 (35.2%) | 165 (28.7%) | 295 (40.4%) | <0.001 |
Married/Living with Partner | 593 (45.4%) | 286 (49.7%) | 307 (42.1%) | ||
Divorced/Separated | 213 (16.3%) | 94 (16.3%) | 119 (16.3%) | ||
Widowed | 39 (3.0%) | 30 (5.2%) | 9 (1.2%) | ||
Educational Attainment | Elementary School/<8 years | 63 (4.8%) | 15 (2.6%) | 48 (6.6%) | <0.001 |
High School/8–12 years | 286 (21.9%) | 147 (25.6%) | 139 (19.0%) | ||
Tertiary or University/>12 years | 956 (73.3%) | 413 (71.8%) | 543 (74.4%) | ||
Smoking/Tobacco Use | Yes | 319 (24.4%) | 95 (16.5%) | 224 (30.7%) | <0.001 |
Alcohol Consumption | Yes | 552 (43.7%) | 221 (38.4%) | 331 (48.0%) a | 0.001 |
Obesity | Yes | 230 (21.3%) | 115 (20.0%) | 115 (22.7%) b | 0.282 |
Hypertension | Yes | 189 (17.5%) | 102 (17.7%) | 87 (17.2%) b | 0.802 |
Type 2 Diabetes | Yes | 54 (5.0%) | 24 (4.2%) | 30 (5.9%) b | 0.189 |
Variable | Before COVID-19 Lockdown | During COVID-19 Lockdown | Difference | Cohen’s d | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (95% CI a) | Mean (95% CI a) | Delta % | |||
Moderate PA b (min/day) | |||||
Total | 99.0 (93.0; 105.0) | 56.3 (51.1; 61.5) | −37.30% | −0.42 | <0.001 |
Argentina | 92.9 (85.2; 100.7) | 55.7 (48.6; 62.8) | −32.60% | −0.39 | <0.001 |
Chile | 103.7 (95.0; 112.5) | 56.7 (49.3; 64.2) | −41.40% | −0.45 | <0.001 |
Vigorous PA b (min/day) | |||||
Total | 44.1 (39.4; 48.7) | 22.1 (18.9; 25.2) | −49.50% | −0.33 | <0.001 |
Argentina | 36.6 (31.0; 42.2) | 16.2 (13.1; 19.3) | −54.50% | −0.35 | <0.001 |
Chile | 49.9 (43.0; 56.9) | 26.7 (21.6; 31.8) | −45.60% | −0.32 | <0.001 |
Sitting Time (min/day) | |||||
Total | 341.8 (332.7; 350.9) | 506.1 (494.4; 517.9) | 73.30% | 0.91 | <0.001 |
Argentina | 377.2 (363.0; 391.4) | 549.6 (533.0; 566.2) | 71.20% | 0.99 | <0.001 |
Chile | 314.0 (302.5; 325.4) | 471.9 (455.9; 487.9) | 74.90% | 0.85 | <0.001 |
Screen Time (min/day) | |||||
Total | 258.0 (248.8; 267.2) | 470.4 (457.8; 483.0) | 130.60% | 1.11 | <0.001 |
Argentina | 272.6 (258.1; 287.0) | 489.2 (470.9; 507.4) | 129.10% | 1.17 | <0.001 |
Chile | 246.5 (234.6; 258.4) | 455.6 (438.3; 473.0) | 131.70% | 1.07 | <0.001 |
Before COVID-19 Lockdown | During COVID-19 Lockdown | ||||
n (%) | 95% CI | n (%) | 95% CI a | ||
PA b ≥ 150 min/week | |||||
Total | 1029 (78.9%) | 76.6–81.1% | 743 (56.9%) | 54.2–59.6% | <0.001 |
Argentina | 473 (82.3%) | 79.1–85.4% | 367 (63.8%) | 59.9–67.8% | <0.001 |
Chile | 556 (76.2%) | 72.9–79.2% | 376 (51.5%) | 47.8–55.2% | <0.001 |
ST c < 7 h | |||||
Total | 865 (66.3%) | 63.7–68.8% | 456 (34.9%) | 32.4–37.5% | <0.001 |
Argentina | 353 (61.4%) | 57.4–65.4% | 142 (24.7%) | 21.2–28.2% | <0.001 |
Chile | 512 (70.1%) | 66.7–73.4% | 314 (43.0%) | 39.4–46.7% | <0.001 |
Pre-Lockdown Risk Quadrant | Δ Sitting Time (min/day) | Δ MVPA a (min/day) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Median (p 25%; p 75%) | Mean (95% CI b) | Median (p 25%; p 75%) | Mean (95% CI b) | |
Lower Risk: Active and Low Sitting | ||||
Total (n = 708) | 180.0 (120.0; 300.0) | 196.2 (184.3; 208.0) | −60.0 (−150.0; −18.8) | −97.0 (−107.7; −86.2) |
Argentina (n = 305) | 180.0 (120.0; 300.0) | 210.8 (194.6; 226.9) | −60.0 (−140.0; −20.0) | −84.8 (−98.4; −71.2) |
Chile (n = 403) | 180.0 (80.0; 300.0) | 185.1 (168.2; 202.0) | −90.0 (−240.0; −30.0) | −143.5 (−166.2; −120.8) |
Medium Risk: Active and High Sitting | ||||
Total (n = 321) | 120.0 (0.0; 240.0) | 112.2 (91.2; 133.1) | -60.0 (−120.0; 0.0) | −69.3 (−83.5; −55.1) |
Argentina (n = 168) | 120.0 (0.0; 240.0) | 116.4 (88.5; 144.2) | −45.0 (−90.0; 0.0) | −64.0 (−83.2; −44.7) |
Chile (n = 153) | 120.0 (0.0; 240.0) | 107.5 (75.6; 139.4) | −60.0 (−180.0; 0.0) | −92.4 (−123.0; −61.8) |
Medium Risk: Inactive and Low Sitting | ||||
Total (n = 157) | 150.0 (110.0; 240.0) | 181.3 (154.4; 208.2) | 0.0 (0.0; 0.0) | 19.0 (6.2; 31.8) |
Argentina (n = 48) | 240.0 (120.0; 337.5) | 218.2 (166.0; 270.4) | 0.0 (0.0; 3.8) | 16.8 (5.9; 27.6) |
Chile (n = 109) | 120.0 (90.0; 240.0) | 165.1 (133.9; 196.3) | 0.0 (0.0; 0.0) | 23.3 (4.1; 42.5) |
Higher Risk: Inactive and High Sitting | ||||
Total (n = 119) | 120.0 (0.0; 225.0) | 93.0 (54.1; 132.0) | 0.0 (0.0; 30.0) | 29.1 (12.8; 45.5) |
Argentina (n = 54) | 120.0 (0.0; 240.0) | 89.4 (36.7; 142.0) | 5.0 (0.0; 60.0) | 48.8 (14.7; 82.9) |
Chile (n = 65) | 90.0 (0.0; 180.0) | 96.1 (38.4; 153.8) | 0.0 (0.0; 0.0) | 18.4 (6.0; 30.7) |
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Sadarangani, K.P.; De Roia, G.F.; Lobo, P.; Chavez, R.; Meyer, J.; Cristi-Montero, C.; Martinez-Gomez, D.; Ferrari, G.; Schuch, F.B.; Gil-Salmerón, A.; et al. Changes in Sitting Time, Screen Exposure and Physical Activity during COVID-19 Lockdown in South American Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 5239. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105239
Sadarangani KP, De Roia GF, Lobo P, Chavez R, Meyer J, Cristi-Montero C, Martinez-Gomez D, Ferrari G, Schuch FB, Gil-Salmerón A, et al. Changes in Sitting Time, Screen Exposure and Physical Activity during COVID-19 Lockdown in South American Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(10):5239. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105239
Chicago/Turabian StyleSadarangani, Kabir P., Gabriela F. De Roia, Pablo Lobo, Robinson Chavez, Jacob Meyer, Carlos Cristi-Montero, David Martinez-Gomez, Gerson Ferrari, Felipe B. Schuch, Alejandro Gil-Salmerón, and et al. 2021. "Changes in Sitting Time, Screen Exposure and Physical Activity during COVID-19 Lockdown in South American Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10: 5239. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105239