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Volume 18
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Article

Targeting Malaria Hotspots to Reduce Transmission Incidence in Senegal

by
Kankoé Sallah
1,2,3,*,
Roch Giorgi
1,4,
El-Hadj Ba
5,
Martine Piarroux
6,
Renaud Piarroux
6,
Badara Cisse
5 and
Jean Gaudart
1,4
1
Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé et Traitement de de l’Information Médicale (SESSTIM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche médicale (INSERM), Aix Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
2
Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat Claude Bernard, 75018 Paris, France
3
Center for Methodology and Modeling, Lomé BP 80956, Togo
4
Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Marseille, Hopital La Timone, BioSTIC, Biostatistic and ICT, 13005 Marseille, France
5
Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Vecteurs-Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (VITROME), Dakar CP 18524, Senegal
6
Institut Pierre-Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche médicale (INSERM), AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, 75646 Paris CEDEX 13, France
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(1), 76; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010076
Submission received: 28 September 2020 / Revised: 15 December 2020 / Accepted: 16 December 2020 / Published: 24 December 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geo-Epidemiology of Malaria)
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Abstract

In central Senegal, malaria incidence declined in response to scaling-up of control measures from 2000 to 2010 and has since remained stable, making elimination unlikely in the short term. Additional control measures are needed to reduce transmission. We simulated chemoprophylaxis interventions targeting malaria hotspots using a metapopulation mathematical model, based on a differential-equation framework and incorporating human mobility. The model was fitted to weekly malaria incidence from 45 villages. Three approaches for selecting intervention targets were compared: (a) villages with malaria cases during the low transmission season of the previous year; (b) villages with highest incidence during the high transmission season of the previous year; (c) villages with highest connectivity with adjacent populations. Our results showed that intervention strategies targeting hotspots would be effective in reducing malaria incidence in both targeted and untargeted areas. Regardless of the intervention strategy used, pre-elimination (1–5 cases per 1000 per year) would not be reached without simultaneously increasing vector control by more than 10%. A cornerstone of malaria control and elimination is the effective targeting of strategic locations. Mathematical tools help to identify those locations and estimate the impact in silico.
Keywords: malaria elimination; mathematical model; human mobility; intervention chemotherapy malaria elimination; mathematical model; human mobility; intervention chemotherapy

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MDPI and ACS Style

Sallah, K.; Giorgi, R.; Ba, E.-H.; Piarroux, M.; Piarroux, R.; Cisse, B.; Gaudart, J. Targeting Malaria Hotspots to Reduce Transmission Incidence in Senegal. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 76. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010076

AMA Style

Sallah K, Giorgi R, Ba E-H, Piarroux M, Piarroux R, Cisse B, Gaudart J. Targeting Malaria Hotspots to Reduce Transmission Incidence in Senegal. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(1):76. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010076

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sallah, Kankoé, Roch Giorgi, El-Hadj Ba, Martine Piarroux, Renaud Piarroux, Badara Cisse, and Jean Gaudart. 2021. "Targeting Malaria Hotspots to Reduce Transmission Incidence in Senegal" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 1: 76. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010076

APA Style

Sallah, K., Giorgi, R., Ba, E.-H., Piarroux, M., Piarroux, R., Cisse, B., & Gaudart, J. (2021). Targeting Malaria Hotspots to Reduce Transmission Incidence in Senegal. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(1), 76. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010076

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