Perceived Environmental Threats and Pro-Environmental Behaviors: Investigating the Role of Political Participation Using a South Korean Survey
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Perceived Environmental Threats and Pro-Environmental Behaviors
3. Political Participation and Its Moderation of the Relationship between Perceived Environmental Threats and Pro-Environmental Behaviors
4. Data and Measurement
4.1. Dependent Variables
4.2. Explanatory Variables
4.2.1. Perceived Environmental Threats
4.2.2. Political Participation
4.3. Controls
4.4. Measurement Validity
5. Results
6. Discussion
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | N | Mean | S.D. | Min. | Max. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower standard of living | 758 | 3.03 | 1.14 | 1.00 | 5.00 |
Government spending necessary for environmental protection | 759 | 3.81 | 0.81 | 1.00 | 5.00 |
Perceived environmental threats | 759 | 3.62 | 0.63 | 1.67 | 5.00 |
Political participation | 759 | 1.67 | 0.66 | 1.00 | 4.00 |
Civic mindedness | 759 | 5.25 | 1.01 | 1.25 | 7.00 |
Political interest | 759 | 2.44 | 0.78 | 1.00 | 4.00 |
Political trust | 759 | 1.45 | 0.46 | 1.00 | 3.00 |
Perceived local pollution | 759 | 2.45 | 0.63 | 1.00 | 4.00 |
Age | 759 | 44.97 | 13.20 | 18.00 | 83.00 |
Female | 759 | 0.42 | 0.49 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
Income | 759 | 6.47 | 4.24 | 0.00 | 21.00 |
Education | 759 | 4.00 | 1.40 | 0.00 | 7.00 |
Support for a Lower Standard of Living | Support for Government Spending | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 Step 1 | Model 1 Step 2 | Model 2 Step 1 | Model 2 Step 2 | |||||
Coef. | (S.E.) | Coef. | (S.E.) | Coef. | (S.E.) | Coef. | (S.E.) | |
Perceived environmental threats | 0.21 | 0.08 *** | −0.10 | 0.19 | 0.50 | 0.08 *** | 0.14 | 0.19 |
Political participation | 0.19 | 0.07 *** | −0.55 | 0.36 | 0.08 | 0.07 | −0.77 | 0.39 |
Perceived environmental threats × Political participation | 0.20 | 0.10 ** | 0.23 | 0.11 ** | ||||
Civic mindedness | 0.22 | 0.05 *** | 0.23 | 0.05 *** | 0.14 | 0.04 *** | 0.14 | 0.04 *** |
Political interest | 0.13 | 0.06 ** | 0.12 | 0.06 ** | −0.09 | 0.06 | −0.10 | 0.06 |
Political trust | 0.18 | 0.10 * | 0.17 | 0.10 * | −0.02 | 0.11 | −0.02 | 0.11 |
Perceived local pollution | 0.11 | 0.07 | 0.11 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.07 |
Age | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Female | −0.02 | 0.09 | −0.03 | 0.09 | −0.13 | 0.09 | −0.14 | 0.09 |
Income | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 |
Education | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.04 * | 0.08 | 0.04 ** |
τ1 | 1.97 | 0.46 | 0.82 | 0.75 | 0.30 | 0.52 | −1.04 | 0.79 |
τ2 | 3.04 | 0.47 | 1.89 | 0.76 | 1.24 | 0.47 | −0.09 | 0.76 |
τ3 | 3.59 | 0.47 | 2.44 | 0.76 | 2.55 | 0.47 | 1.22 | 0.77 |
τ4 | 5.06 | 0.49 | 3.92 | 0.76 | 4.00 | 0.49 | 2.69 | 0.77 |
Log likelihood | −1052.93 | −1050.56 | −853.85 | −850.97 | ||||
Wald test | 83.91 | 86.09 | 65.44 | 70.00 | ||||
Number of cases | 758 | 759 |
Variables | Strong Support for Green Living | Strong Support for Government Spending | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Minimum | Maximum | Difference | Minimum | Maximum | Difference | |
Perceived environmental threats × political participation | 2.46% | 38.13% | 35.67% | 4.21% | 73.79% | 69.58% |
Perceived environmental threats | 1.75% | 8.90% | 7.15% | 2.37% | 40.22% | 37.85% |
Political participation | 3.78% | 10.26% | 6.48% | 15.65% | 20.12% | 4.47% |
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Lim, J.Y.; Moon, K.-K. Perceived Environmental Threats and Pro-Environmental Behaviors: Investigating the Role of Political Participation Using a South Korean Survey. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 3244. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093244
Lim JY, Moon K-K. Perceived Environmental Threats and Pro-Environmental Behaviors: Investigating the Role of Political Participation Using a South Korean Survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(9):3244. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093244
Chicago/Turabian StyleLim, Jae Young, and Kuk-Kyoung Moon. 2020. "Perceived Environmental Threats and Pro-Environmental Behaviors: Investigating the Role of Political Participation Using a South Korean Survey" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 9: 3244. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093244