The Effects of Cyanobacterial Bloom Extracts on the Biomass, Chl-a, MC and Other Oligopeptides Contents in a Natural Planktothrix agardhii Population
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sampling
2.2. Experiments
2.3. Phytoplankton Enumeration, Chlorophyll-a, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Analyses
2.4. Extraction and HPLC Analysis
HPLC-PDA Analysis of Microcystins
2.5. Extraction and LC-MS/MS Analysis of Oligopeptides
2.6. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of Two Planktothrix-Dominated Scum Samples and Their Crude Extracts Used in Experiments
3.2. Effect of the Extracts on P. agardhii Biomass and Production of Intracellular MCs
3.3. Effect of the Extracts on the Production of Oligopeptides by P. agardhii
4. Discussion
4.1. Higher P. agardhii Productivity: The Role of Nutrient Availability
4.2. Changes in Content of MCs in the Exposed P. agardhii
4.3. Changes in Oligopeptide Profiles in P. agardhii Population Exposed to the Extracts
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameters | Biomasses, Extracts and Samples Used in Experiments (As Controls and Treated) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Lake, sampling year | Lake Syczyńskie 2010 Pa-A | Lake Czarne S. 2013 Pa-B | Lake Syczyńskie 2015 (conditions correspond to the controls at the beginning of the experiments) | |
Species contribution to the biomass | Planktothrix agardhii (95%) Microcystis aeruginosa (5%) | P. agardhii (82%) Microcystis spp. (10%) Aphanizomenon gracile (8%) | P. agardhii (96%), Planktolyngbya limnetica (1.4%), other cyanobacteria (0.6%) | |
Biomass (mg/L) | 2800 ± 80 | 2750 ± 33 | 105 ± 2 | |
Chl-a (mg/L) | 81.86 ± 2.50 | 80.87 ± 4.1 | 0.357 ± 0.042 | |
Total MCs (µg/L) | 1030 ± 150 | 13,040 ± 1790 | 38 ± 2 | |
MCs in P. agardhii biomass (µg/mg) | 368 ± 54 | 4748 ± 651 | 362 ± 19 | |
MCs’ variants (%) | [Asp3,Dhb7] MC-RR; [Asp3]MC-RR; MC-RR | 47.3 a | 49.0 | 94.4 b |
[Asp3] MC-HtyrR | 38.1 | n.d. | n.d. | |
dmMC-LR; MC-LR | 14.6 | 34.1 | 5.6 c | |
MC-LF | n.d. | 16.9 | n.d. | |
P-PO4 (mg/L) | 20.07 ± 0.52 | 38.68 ± 0.47 | n.det. | |
P tot. (mg/L) | 110.70 ± 10.25 | 129.37 ± 14.71 | 0.202 | |
N-NO3 (mg/L) | 74.63 ± 2.60 | 250.32 ± 3.37 | n.det. | |
N tot. (mg/L) | 641.48 ± 3.57 | 720.00 ± 3.99 | 6.843 |
Extracts | P. agardhii Control | P. agardhii Exposed to the Extract Pa-A | P. agardhii Exposed to the Extract Pa-B | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Peptide Classes | Pa-A | Pa-B | |||
Microcystins (MCs) | 4 | 6 | 3 | 4 | 2 |
Cyanopeptolins (CPLs) | 11 | 10 | 6 | 7 | 5 |
Anabaenopeptins (APs) | 10 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
Planktopeptin (PLP) | 1 | 1 | 1 | n.d. | n.d. |
Aeruginosisns (AERs) | 13 | 19 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
Aeruginosamide (AERD) | n.d. | 1 | n.d. | n.d. | 1 |
Microginins (MRGs) | n.d. | 4 | n.d. | 1 | n.d. |
Unidentified peptides | 11 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 3 |
Total number | 50 | 55 | 29 | 25 | 23 |
Compared Samples | Extract Pa-B | P. agardhii Control | P. agardhii Exposed to the Extract Pa-A | P. agardhii Exposed to the Extract Pa-B |
---|---|---|---|---|
Extract Pa-A | 0.16 | 0.30 | 0.25 | 0.28 |
Extract Pa-B | - | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.15 |
P. agardhii Control | - | - | 0.38 | 0.49 |
P. agardhii exposed to the extract Pa-A | - | - | - | 0.60 |
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Toporowska, M.; Mazur-Marzec, H.; Pawlik-Skowrońska, B. The Effects of Cyanobacterial Bloom Extracts on the Biomass, Chl-a, MC and Other Oligopeptides Contents in a Natural Planktothrix agardhii Population. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 2881. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082881
Toporowska M, Mazur-Marzec H, Pawlik-Skowrońska B. The Effects of Cyanobacterial Bloom Extracts on the Biomass, Chl-a, MC and Other Oligopeptides Contents in a Natural Planktothrix agardhii Population. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(8):2881. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082881
Chicago/Turabian StyleToporowska, Magdalena, Hanna Mazur-Marzec, and Barbara Pawlik-Skowrońska. 2020. "The Effects of Cyanobacterial Bloom Extracts on the Biomass, Chl-a, MC and Other Oligopeptides Contents in a Natural Planktothrix agardhii Population" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 8: 2881. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082881