Health Behaviors and Psychological Distress Among Conscripts of the Lithuanian Military Service: A Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Procedure
2.2. Participants
2.3. Measurements
2.3.1. Physical Activity
2.3.2. Eating Patterns
2.3.3. Alcohol Consumption
2.3.4. Cigarette Smoking
2.3.5. Psychological Distress
2.4. Covariates
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Physical Activity
4.2. Cigarette Smoking
4.3. Psychological Distress
4.4. Alcohol Consumption and Nutrition
4.5. Study Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Total (%) | Rejected for Military Service (%) | Enlisted Into Military Service (%) | χ2; df; p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
MVPA | N = 1219 | 31.0; 1; <0.0001 | ||
Low (<2.5 h/week) | 44.7 | 52.6 | 36.9 | |
Adequate (≥2.5 h/week) | 55.3 | 47.4 | 63.1 | |
Mediterranean diet | N = 630 | 2.3; 2; 0.315 | ||
Low adherence | 50.2 | 51.5 | 49.4 | |
Medium adherence | 46.3 | 44.9 | 48.0 | |
High adherence | 3.5 | 3.6 | 2.6 | |
Alcohol consumption | N = 1082 | 9.2; 2; 0.010 | ||
Abstinent (≥30 days) | 24.2 | 23.4 | 25.0 | |
Light–moderate drinker | 66.2 | 64.3 | 68.1 | |
Heavy drinker | 9.6 | 12.3 | 6.8 * | |
Cigarette smoking | N = 1179 | 16.1; 1; <0.0001 | ||
Current nonsmoker | 37.7 | 32.3 | 43.0 | |
Current smoker | 62.3 | 67.7 | 57.0 | |
Psychological distress | N = 1159 | 44.4; 1; <0.0001 | ||
Low | 90.9 | 85.3 | 96.6 | |
High | 9.1 | 14.7 | 3.4 |
MVPA (h/Week) | Mediterranean Diet | Alcohol (Units/Month) | Cigarettes (Number/Day) | Psychological Distress | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MVPA (h/week) | – | –0.02 | 0.01 | 0.05 | –0.07 |
Mediterranean diet | 0.13 | – | –0.06 | –0.11 | –0.12 |
Alcohol (units/month) | –0.03 | –0.12 | – | 0.22 | 0.21 |
Cigarettes (number/day) | –0.01 | –0.18 | 0.24 | – | 0.12 |
Psychological distress | –0.07 | –0.22 | 0.27 | 0.12 | – |
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | Model 6 | Model 7 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Predictors | Odds ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | |||||
Family income | 1.15 (0.93–1.43) | 1.09 (0.87–1.36) | |||||
BMI | 0.99 (0.95–1.03) | 0.99 (0.95–1.03) | |||||
Age | 0.76 (0.71–0.82) | 0.77 (0.71–0.83) | |||||
MVPA (≥2.5 h/week) | 1.97 (1.57–2.47) | 1.42 (1.11–2.03) | |||||
Mediterranean diet | |||||||
Low adherence | Ref. | Ref. | |||||
Medium adherence | 1.27 (0.96–1.74) | 0.90 (0.63–1.29) | |||||
High adherence | 0.81 (0.34–1.93) | 0.83 (0.29–2.39) | |||||
Alcohol consumption | |||||||
Abstinent (≥30 days) | Ref. | Ref. | |||||
Light–moderate drinker | 0.52 (0.82–1.49) | 1.15 (0.73–1.83) | |||||
Heavy drinker | 0.60 (0.45–0.79) | 0.64 (0.31–1.34) | |||||
Cigarette smoking | |||||||
Current nonsmoker | Ref. | Ref. | |||||
Current smoker | 0.61 (0.49–0.78) | 0.58 (0.39–0.86) | |||||
Psychological distress (high) | 0.20 (0.13-0.33) | 0.26 (0.12–0.55) | |||||
Nagelkerke R2 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.16 |
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Mieziene, B.; Emeljanovas, A.; Cesnaitiene, V.J.; Vizbaraite, D.; Zumbakyte-Sermuksniene, R. Health Behaviors and Psychological Distress Among Conscripts of the Lithuanian Military Service: A Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 783. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030783
Mieziene B, Emeljanovas A, Cesnaitiene VJ, Vizbaraite D, Zumbakyte-Sermuksniene R. Health Behaviors and Psychological Distress Among Conscripts of the Lithuanian Military Service: A Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(3):783. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030783
Chicago/Turabian StyleMieziene, Brigita, Arunas Emeljanovas, Vida Janina Cesnaitiene, Daiva Vizbaraite, and Renata Zumbakyte-Sermuksniene. 2020. "Health Behaviors and Psychological Distress Among Conscripts of the Lithuanian Military Service: A Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3: 783. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030783