Environmental and Health Effects of Ventilation in Subway Stations: A Literature Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
- What environmental factors are affected by ventilation systems in subway stations?
- How do these environmental factors affect human health?
- How can ventilation improve environmental health in subway stations?
3. Results
4. Ventilation as a Mitigation Measure
4.1. Thermal Environment
4.1.1. Temperature
4.1.2. Humidity
4.1.3. Mitigation Measures
4.2. IAQ
4.2.1. PMs
4.2.2. VOCs
4.2.3. Bioaerosols
4.2.4. Other Air Components
4.2.5. Mitigation Measures
5. Ventilation as a Source of Exposure
5.1. Wind Environment
5.1.1. Complex Airflows
5.1.2. Mitigation Measures
5.2. Noise
5.2.1. Continuous Noise
5.2.2. Mitigation Measures
6. Discussion
6.1. Dual Effect of Subway Ventilation on Environmental Health
6.2. Reliable and Specific Environmental Health Risk Assessment
6.3. Ventilation Mitigation to Improve Environmental Health
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Risk Factors | Environmental and Health Effects | Mitigation Measures |
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High temperature |
|
|
Low temperature |
| |
High humidity |
| |
Low humidity |
|
Risk Factors | Environmental and Health Effects | Mitigation Measures |
---|---|---|
Particulate matter |
|
|
Volatile organic compound |
| |
Bioaerosol |
| |
Others |
|
Risk Factors | Environmental and Health Effects | Mitigation Measures |
---|---|---|
Complex airflows |
|
|
Risk Factors | Environmental and Health Effects | Mitigation Measures |
---|---|---|
Continuous noise |
|
|
Environmental Control Factors Related to Ventilation | WHO Guideline for Indoor Air Quality and Occupational Health (WHO) | The WELL Building Standard-V1 (US Green Building Council, ASHRAE) | Hygienic Indicators and Limits for Public Places (China) | Indoor Environmental Input Parameters (CEN) | Environmental Health Management Standard for Buildings (Japan) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
TEMP (°C) | 16~28 (Healthy residence) | Graphic Comfort Zone Method | 26~28 | 20~26 | 17~28 |
RH (%) | 45~75 (Microbial inhibition) | 30~50 | 40~65 | 30~65 | 40~70 |
PM2.5 (μg/m³, 24-hour mean) | 25 | 35 | - | 25 | 150 (Suspended dust) |
PM10 (μg/m³, 24-hour mean) | 50 | 50 | 150 | - | |
HCHO (μg/m³, 1-hour mean) | 100 | 27 ppb | 100 | 100 | 100 |
TVOC (μg/m³, 8-hour mean) | 300 | 500 | 600 | 300~1000 | 400 |
Total bacteria (CFU/m³) | 200~500 | - | 4000 | - | - |
CO (mg/m³, 8-hour mean) | 10 | 10 | 10 | 15 | 10 ppm |
CO2 | 1000 ppm | 800 ppm | 0.15% | 1000~2000 ppm | 1000 ppm |
O3 (μg/m³, 8-hour mean) | 100 | 100 | 160 | 60 | 0.1 ppm |
Radon (Bq/m³, annual mean) | 100 | 148 | 400 | 100 | - |
Air change flow (m³/(h·pers)) | - | 41.65 | 30 | 25.2 | - |
Wind speed (m/s) | - | 0.15 | 0.5 | - | 0.5 |
Noise (dB(A)) | 85 | 40 | 85 | 60 | 60 |
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Share and Cite
Wen, Y.; Leng, J.; Shen, X.; Han, G.; Sun, L.; Yu, F. Environmental and Health Effects of Ventilation in Subway Stations: A Literature Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 1084. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17031084
Wen Y, Leng J, Shen X, Han G, Sun L, Yu F. Environmental and Health Effects of Ventilation in Subway Stations: A Literature Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(3):1084. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17031084
Chicago/Turabian StyleWen, Yueming, Jiawei Leng, Xiaobing Shen, Gang Han, Lijun Sun, and Fei Yu. 2020. "Environmental and Health Effects of Ventilation in Subway Stations: A Literature Review" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3: 1084. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17031084