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Article

The Toxicity Exerted by the Antibiotic Sulfadiazine on the Growth of Soil Bacterial Communities May Increase over Time

by
Vanesa Santás-Miguel
1,2,
Laura Rodríguez-González
1,2,
Avelino Núñez-Delgado
3,
Montserrat Díaz-Raviña
4,
Manuel Arias-Estévez
1,2 and
David Fernández-Calviño
1,2,*
1
Área de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Galiza, Spain
2
CITACA-Clúster de Investigación e Transferencia Agroalimentaria do Campus Auga, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Galiza, Spain
3
Departamento de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Escola Politécnica Superior de Enxeñaría, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Lugo, Galicia, Spain
4
Departamento de Bioquímica del Suelo, Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiologicas de Galicia (IIAG/CSIC), 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(23), 8773; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238773
Submission received: 20 October 2020 / Revised: 15 November 2020 / Accepted: 24 November 2020 / Published: 26 November 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Soil Pollution and Risk Assessment)
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Abstract

The toxicity exerted by the antibiotic sulfadiazine on the growth of soil bacterial communities was studied in two agricultural soils for a period of 100 days. In the short-term (2 days of incubation), the effect of sulfadiazine on bacterial growth was low (no inhibition or inhibition <32% for a dose of 2000 mg·kg−1). However, sulfadiazine toxicity increased with time, achieving values of 40% inhibition, affecting bacterial growth in both soils after 100 days of incubation. These results, which were here observed for the first time for any antibiotic in soil samples, suggest that long-term experiments would be required for performing an adequate antibiotics risk assessment, as short-term experiments may underestimate toxicity effects.
Keywords: leucine incorporation; risk assessment; sulfonamide; veterinary; microbial community leucine incorporation; risk assessment; sulfonamide; veterinary; microbial community

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MDPI and ACS Style

Santás-Miguel, V.; Rodríguez-González, L.; Núñez-Delgado, A.; Díaz-Raviña, M.; Arias-Estévez, M.; Fernández-Calviño, D. The Toxicity Exerted by the Antibiotic Sulfadiazine on the Growth of Soil Bacterial Communities May Increase over Time. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 8773. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238773

AMA Style

Santás-Miguel V, Rodríguez-González L, Núñez-Delgado A, Díaz-Raviña M, Arias-Estévez M, Fernández-Calviño D. The Toxicity Exerted by the Antibiotic Sulfadiazine on the Growth of Soil Bacterial Communities May Increase over Time. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(23):8773. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238773

Chicago/Turabian Style

Santás-Miguel, Vanesa, Laura Rodríguez-González, Avelino Núñez-Delgado, Montserrat Díaz-Raviña, Manuel Arias-Estévez, and David Fernández-Calviño. 2020. "The Toxicity Exerted by the Antibiotic Sulfadiazine on the Growth of Soil Bacterial Communities May Increase over Time" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 23: 8773. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238773

APA Style

Santás-Miguel, V., Rodríguez-González, L., Núñez-Delgado, A., Díaz-Raviña, M., Arias-Estévez, M., & Fernández-Calviño, D. (2020). The Toxicity Exerted by the Antibiotic Sulfadiazine on the Growth of Soil Bacterial Communities May Increase over Time. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(23), 8773. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238773

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