Feasibility of the Schizophrenia Hope Scale-9: A Psychometric Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Measures
2.3.1. Schizophrenia Hope Scale-9
2.3.2. Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS)
2.3.3. State-Trait Hope Inventory (STHI)
2.4. Data Collection
2.5. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demographic Characteristics
3.2. Mean Score and Reliability
3.3. Validity
4. Discussions
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Group with Schizophrenia (n = 83) | Healthy Group (n = 761) |
---|---|---|
N (%) | N (%) | |
Sex | ||
Male | 48 (57.8) | 280 (36.8) |
Female | 35 (42.2) | 481 (63.2) |
Age (years) 1 | 39.2 ± 10.3 | 22.7 ± 5.8 |
Marital status | ||
Single (never married, separated, divorced, widowed) | 71 (85.5) | 698 (91.7) |
Married | 12 (14.5) | 63 (8.3) |
Education | ||
Never attended | 1 (1.2) | |
Elementary school | 5 (6.0) | |
Middle school | 12 (14.5) | |
High school | 36 (43.4) | |
College (including students) | 26 (31.3) | 737 (96.8) |
Graduate school | 3 (3.6) | 24 (3.2) |
Religion | ||
Protestant | 43 (52.4) | 377 (49.5) |
Catholic | 8 (9.8) | 52 (7.2) |
Buddhism | 8 (9.8) | 44 (5.8) |
Shamanism | 1 (1.2) | 2 (0.3) |
Others | 1 (1.2) | 10 (1.3) |
None | 22 (25.6) | 273 (35.9) |
Duration of illness (years) 1 | 12.6 ± 10.7 |
Range | Mean ± SD | SHS-9 1 | BHS 1 | STHI 1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SHS-9 | 0–18 | 11.53 ± 4.78 | 1 | ||
BHS | 0–20 | 6.16 ± 3.59 | −0.500 (<0.001) | 1 | |
STHI | 20–100 | 50.08 ± 9.90 | 0.589 (<0.001) | −0.687 (<0.001) | 1 |
Item | Factor Loading |
---|---|
1. There is a better future ahead of me | 0.83 |
2. I will be happy in the future | 0.83 |
3. I am getting better every day | 0.68 |
4. My future is bright | 0.82 |
5. I am excited about my life now | 0.75 |
6. I plan my future | 0.75 |
7. I am confident about my life | 0.81 |
8. I am confident about my future | 0.85 |
9. My life is meaningful | 0.76 |
Eigenvalues | 5.56 |
Total variance (%) | 61.83 |
Group | N (%) | Mean ± SD | F | p | Percentiles | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
25 | 50 | 75 | |||||
Low-risk group a | 64 (77.1) | 12.34 ± 4.36 | 42.07 | <0.001 | 9.00 | 12.00 | 16.00 |
High-risk group b | 19 (22.9) | 8.79 ± 5.22 | 5.00 | 8.00 | 13.00 | ||
Healthy group | 761 (100) | 14.78 ± 3.19 | 13.00 | 16.00 | 18.00 |
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Choe, K.; Ryu, E.; Kim, S. Feasibility of the Schizophrenia Hope Scale-9: A Psychometric Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 8635. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228635
Choe K, Ryu E, Kim S. Feasibility of the Schizophrenia Hope Scale-9: A Psychometric Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(22):8635. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228635
Chicago/Turabian StyleChoe, Kwisoon, Eunjung Ryu, and Sunghee Kim. 2020. "Feasibility of the Schizophrenia Hope Scale-9: A Psychometric Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 22: 8635. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228635
APA StyleChoe, K., Ryu, E., & Kim, S. (2020). Feasibility of the Schizophrenia Hope Scale-9: A Psychometric Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(22), 8635. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228635