Impact of Gene–Environment Interactions on Cancer Development
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NIH/NIMHD RCMI-Center for Health Disparities Research, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street, Box 18750, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
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Department of Biology, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street, Box 18540, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
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Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai, Mumbai 400 008, India
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Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1610 S. Martin Luther King Blvd., Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(21), 8089; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218089
Received: 2 October 2020
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Revised: 26 October 2020
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Accepted: 30 October 2020
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Published: 3 November 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 15th International Symposium on Metal Ions and Organic Pollutants in Biology, Medicine and Environment)
Several epidemiological and experimental studies have demonstrated that many human diseases are not only caused by specific genetic and environmental factors but also by gene–environment interactions. Although it has been widely reported that genetic polymorphisms play a critical role in human susceptibility to cancer and other chronic disease conditions, many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are caused by somatic mutations resulting from human exposure to environmental stressors. Scientific evidence suggests that the etiology of many chronic illnesses is caused by the joint effect between genetics and the environment. Research has also pointed out that the interactions of environmental factors with specific allelic variants highly modulate the susceptibility to diseases. Hence, many scientific discoveries on gene–environment interactions have elucidated the impact of their combined effect on the incidence and/or prevalence rate of human diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the nature of gene–environment interactions, and discuss their role in human cancers, with special emphases on lung, colorectal, bladder, breast, ovarian, and prostate cancers.
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MDPI and ACS Style
Mbemi, A.; Khanna, S.; Njiki, S.; Yedjou, C.G.; Tchounwou, P.B. Impact of Gene–Environment Interactions on Cancer Development. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 8089. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218089
AMA Style
Mbemi A, Khanna S, Njiki S, Yedjou CG, Tchounwou PB. Impact of Gene–Environment Interactions on Cancer Development. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(21):8089. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218089
Chicago/Turabian StyleMbemi, Ariane, Sunali Khanna, Sylvianne Njiki, Clement G. Yedjou, and Paul B. Tchounwou. 2020. "Impact of Gene–Environment Interactions on Cancer Development" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21: 8089. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218089
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