Impact of Job Insecurity on Hotel Workers’ Workaholism and Work–Family Conflict in Korea
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Background
2.1. Job Insecurity
- job insecurity in the social sense that includes a general awareness of a high unemployment rate;
- job insecurity in the organizational sense that derives from a company’s reference to unstable and risky working conditions;
- an intense job insecurity that encompasses subjective experiences that threatens one’s job;
- job insecurity as the anticipation of job loss in a situation where a company has already begun laying off employees [19].
2.2. Workaholism
- The first concept was work commitment, dealing with the notion that workers must be productive during their working hours.
- The second concept was being driven to work that relates to a sense of duty.
- The third concept was work enjoyment, which is enjoyment derived from performing a task.
2.3. Work–Family Conflict
2.4. Correlation among the Variables
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Data Collection and Method
3.2. Measurement
4. Results
4.1. Demographics of the Participants
4.2. Analysis of the Reliability and Validity
4.2.1. Confirmatory Factor Analysis
4.2.2. Discriminant Validity
4.3. Hypothesis Testing
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Demographic Factors | Category | Number of Participants | Percentage (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | Male | 217 | 65.6 |
Female | 114 | 34.4 | |
Age | 20s | 143 | 43.2 |
30s | 125 | 37.8 | |
40s | 55 | 16.6 | |
50s and older | 8 | 2.4 | |
Education | High school diploma or less | 23 | 6.9 |
Associate degree | 193 | 58.3 | |
Bachelor’s degree (4-year university) | 91 | 27.5 | |
Graduate degree or higher | 24 | 7.3 | |
Experience | Less than 5 years | 150 | 45.3 |
Between 6 and 10 years | 79 | 23.9 | |
Between 11 and 16 years | 50 | 15.1 | |
Between 15 and 20 years | 41 | 12.4 | |
20 years or more | 11 | 3.3 | |
Department | Rooms division | 75 | 22.7 |
Sales and marketing | 40 | 12.1 | |
Finance | 31 | 9.4 | |
Engineering | 21 | 6.3 | |
Executive office | 53 | 16.0 | |
Food and beverage | 88 | 26.6 | |
Human resources | 19 | 5.7 | |
Security | 4 | 1.2 | |
Total | 331 | 100 |
Factor and Variable | Standardized Loading | S.E | C.R | AVE | Composite Construct Reliability(CCR) | Cronbach’s α | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Job insecurity | JI1 | 0.704 | - | - | 0.666 | 0.909 | 0.847 |
JI2 | 0.724 | 0.099 | 11.661 | ||||
JI3 | 0.732 | 0.094 | 11.776 | ||||
JI4 | 0.712 | 0.102 | 11.495 | ||||
JI5 | 0.756 | 0.097 | 12.097 | ||||
Workaholism | Work commitment | 0.582 | - | - | 0.617 | 0.763 | 0.826 |
Pressure | 0.616 | 0.123 | 7.616 | ||||
Work–family conflict | W-FC1 | 0.682 | - | - | 0.607 | 0.902 | 0.832 |
W-FC2 | 0.719 | 0.098 | 11.231 | ||||
W-FC3 | 0.608 | 0.092 | 9.712 | ||||
W-FC4 | 0.672 | 0.086 | 10.602 | ||||
W-FC5 | 0.702 | 0.092 | 11.000 | ||||
W-FC6 | 0.666 | 0.101 | 10.514 |
Factor | Job Insecurity | Workaholism | Work-Family Conflict |
---|---|---|---|
Job insecurity | 0.6661 | 0.144 3 | 0.161 |
Workaholism | 0.380 **,2 | 0.617 | 0.306 |
Work–family conflict | 0.402 ** | 0.554 ** | 0.607 |
Mean | 3.80 | 3.80 | 3.88 |
S.D. | 0.589 | 0.485 | 0.544 |
Process (Hypothesis) | Beta | t-Value | p-Value | Indirect Effect | Decision | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient | p | ||||||
H1 | Job insecurity → Workaholism | 0.560 | 6.087 *** | 0.000 | Accepted | ||
H2 | Workaholism → Work–family conflict | 0.822 | 4.970 *** | 0.000 | Accepted | ||
H3 | Job insecurity → Work–family conflict | 0.013 | 0.119 | 0.905 | Rejected | ||
H4 | Job insecurity → Work–family conflict (the mediating effect of workaholism) | 0.013 | 0.119 | 0.905 | 0.460 ** | 0.004 | Accepted |
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Shin, J.; Shin, H. Impact of Job Insecurity on Hotel Workers’ Workaholism and Work–Family Conflict in Korea. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 7783. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217783
Shin J, Shin H. Impact of Job Insecurity on Hotel Workers’ Workaholism and Work–Family Conflict in Korea. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(21):7783. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217783
Chicago/Turabian StyleShin, JaeWon, and HyoungChul Shin. 2020. "Impact of Job Insecurity on Hotel Workers’ Workaholism and Work–Family Conflict in Korea" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21: 7783. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217783