The Predictors of Driving Cessation among Older Drivers in Korea
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Measurements
2.2.1. Driving Status
2.2.2. Demographic Factors
2.2.3. Financial Factor
2.2.4. Psychosocial Factors
2.2.5. Environmental Factor
2.2.6. Physical Factors
2.2.7. Cognitive Function
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. General Characteristics of the Subjects and Differences in Variables between the DC Group and Driving Group
3.2. Univariate Logistic Regression of DC
3.3. Multivariate Logistic Regression of DC
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Variable | Driving (n = 1920, 64.6%) | Driving Cessation (n = 1050, 35.4%) | t or x2 (p) |
---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) or Mean ± SD | n (%) or Mean ± SD | |||
Demographic | Age (year) | 70.23 ± 4.45 | 73.88 ± 6.13 | −17.02 (<0.001) |
factor | Gender | |||
Female | 244 (12.7) | 200 (19.0) | 21.35 (<0.001) | |
Male | 1676 (87.3) | 850 (81.0) | ||
Education (year) | 4.57 ± 1.39 | 4.48 ± 1.41 | 1.66 (0.097) | |
Financial | Perceived financial state | |||
factor | Good | 859 (44.7) | 332 (31.6) | 8.91 (<0.001) |
Poor | 1061 (55.3) | 718 (68.4) | ||
Psychological | Depression (score) | 2.22 ± 3.08 | 4.25 ± 4.32 | −13.47 (<0.001) |
factor | Social activities | |||
Yes | 1414 (73.6) | 540 (51.4) | 149.57 (<0.001) | |
No | 506 (26.4) | 510 (48.6) | ||
Environmental | Residential area | |||
factor | Living in city with metro system | 664 (34.6) | 540 (51.4) | 79.71 (<0.001) |
Living in city without metro system | 1256 (65.4) | 510 (48.6) | ||
Physical | Perceived health | |||
factor | Good | 1123 (58.5) | 415 (39.5) | 97.79 (<0.001) |
Poor | 797 (41.5) | 635 (60.5) | ||
Visual discomfort | ||||
Yes | 665 (34.6) | 358 (34.1) | 0.10 (0.753) | |
No | 1255 (65.4) | 692 (65.9) | ||
Hearing discomfort | ||||
Yes | 332 (17.3) | 189 (18.0) | 0.22 (0.650) | |
No | 1588 (82.7) | 861 (82.0) | ||
Stroke | ||||
Yes | 101 (5.3) | 116 (11.0) | 33.48 (<0.001) | |
No | 1819 (94.7) | 934 (89.0) | ||
Lower extremity function | ||||
Sit and stand up | ||||
Able to perform | 1836 (95.6) | 883 (84.1) | 116.63 (<0.001) | |
Not able to perform | 84 (4.4) | 167 (15.9) | ||
Climbing stairs | ||||
Able to perform | 1651 (86.0) | 685 (65.3) | 173.69 (<0.001) | |
Not able to perform | 269 (14.0) | 365 (34.7) | ||
Upper extremity function | ||||
Lifting or moving objects (8 kg) | ||||
Able to perform | 1796 (93.5) | 859 (81.8) | 98.54 (<0.001) | |
Not able to perform | 124 (6.5) | 191 (18.2) | ||
Cognitive factor | MMSE-DS (score) | 27.37 ± 2.30 | 26.44 ± 2.97 | 8.83 (<0.001) |
Characteristics | Variable | OR | 95% CI | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Upper | Lower | ||||
Demographic factor | Age (year) | 1.14 | 1.12 | 1.15 | <0.001 |
Gender | |||||
Female | 0.62 | 0.51 | 0.76 | <0.001 | |
Male (ref.) | |||||
Education (year) | 0.99 | 0.97 | 1.01 | 0.147 | |
Financial factor | Perceived financial status | ||||
Good (ref.) | |||||
Poor | 1.75 | 1.50 | 2.05 | <0.001 | |
Psychosocial factor | Depression | 1.16 | 1.13 | 1.18 | <0.001 |
Social activities | |||||
Yes (ref.) | |||||
No | 2.64 | 2.26 | 3.09 | <0.001 | |
Environmental | Residential area | ||||
factor | With metro system | 2.04 | 1.72 | 2.34 | <.001 |
Without metro system (ref.) | |||||
Physical factor | Perceived health | ||||
Good (ref.) | |||||
Poor | 2.16 | 1.85 | 2.52 | <0.001 | |
Visual discomfort | |||||
Yes | 0.97 | 0.83 | 1.14 | 0.974 | |
No (ref.) | |||||
Hearing discomfort | |||||
Yes | 1.05 | 0.86 | 1.28 | 0.637 | |
No (ref.) | |||||
Stroke | |||||
Yes | 2.23 | 1.69 | 2.95 | <0.001 | |
No (ref.) | |||||
Lower extremity function | |||||
Sit to stand | |||||
Able to perform (ref.) | |||||
Not able to perform | 4.14 | 3.15 | 5.45 | <0.001 | |
Climbing stairs | |||||
Able to perform (ref.) | |||||
Not able to perform | 3.26 | 2.72 | 3.91 | <0.001 | |
Upper extremity function | |||||
Lifting or moving objects (8 kg) | |||||
Able to perform (ref.) | |||||
Not able to perform | 3.23 | 2.54 | 4.11 | <0.001 | |
Cognitive factor | MMSE-DS (score) | 0.87 | 0.85 | 0.90 | <0.001 |
Characteristics | Variable | OR | 95% CI | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Upper | Lower | ||||
Demographic factor | Age | 1.14 | 1.12 | 1.16 | <0.001 |
Gender | |||||
Female (ref.) | |||||
Male | 0.39 | 0.31 | 0.50 | <0.001 | |
Financial factor | Perceived financial state | ||||
Good (ref.) | |||||
Poor | 1.34 | 1.11 | 1.61 | 0.003 | |
Psychological factor | Depression | 1.09 | 1.07 | 1.12 | <0.001 |
Social activities | |||||
Yes (ref.) | |||||
No | 1.66 | 1.38 | 2.00 | <0.001 | |
Environmental factor | Residential area | ||||
With metro system | 2.21 | 1.86 | 2.62 | <0.001 | |
Without metro system (ref.) | |||||
Physical factor | Stroke | ||||
Yes | 1.51 | 1.09 | 2.09 | 0.012 | |
No (ref.) | |||||
Lower extremity function | |||||
Climbing stairs | |||||
Able to perform (ref.) | |||||
Not able to perform | 1.56 | 1.26 | 1.93 | <0.001 | |
Cognitive factor | MMSE-DS (score) | 0.92 | 0.89 | 0.96 | <0.001 |
Constant | <.001 | <0.001 | |||
Hosmer–Lemeshow test: x2 = 11.23, df = 8, p = 0.189 Model summary: Nagelkerke R2 = 0.293 |
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Moon, S.; Park, K. The Predictors of Driving Cessation among Older Drivers in Korea. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 7206. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197206
Moon S, Park K. The Predictors of Driving Cessation among Older Drivers in Korea. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(19):7206. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197206
Chicago/Turabian StyleMoon, SeolHwa, and Kyongok Park. 2020. "The Predictors of Driving Cessation among Older Drivers in Korea" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19: 7206. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197206