Breastfeeding at 1, 3 and 6 Months after Birth according to the Mode of Birth: A Correlation Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Design
2.2. Ethical Considerations
2.3. Participants
2.4. Study Measures
2.4.1. Sociodemographic Variables
2.4.2. Independent Variables
2.4.3. Dependent Variables
2.5. Data Collection Procedure
2.6. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Description of Sample and Study Variables
3.2. Evolution of the Type of Lactation in the First Six Months after Birth
3.3. Correlation between the Study Variables
3.3.1. Type of Lactation at One Month after Birth
3.3.2. Type of Lactation at 3 Months after Birth
3.3.3. Type of Lactation at Six Months after Birth
3.3.4. Duration of Breastfeeding
4. Discussion
Limitations
5. Conclusions
- The type of lactation during the first six months after birth is associated with birth variables such as epidural analgesia, episiotomy, perineal tears and parity.
- The duration of breastfeeding increases in women with episiotomy and the absence of perineal tear.
- Breastfeeding duration is shorter in women who received epidural analgesia and women with great parity.
- The mode of birth (vaginal birth, obstetric birth or caesarean birth) is related neither to the type of lactation during the first six months after birth nor to the total duration of breastfeeding.
- In Spain, there is no official breastfeeding temporal monitoring system that follows the international guidelines to unify the indicators and methodology recommended to obtain comparable results, thus, further research on this topic is needed.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | N | % |
---|---|---|
Parity | ||
Primiparous | 64 | 53.30% |
Multiparous | 56 | 46.6% |
Breastfeeding Education a | 57 | 47.20% |
Mode of Birth | ||
Vaginal | 95 | 79.60% |
Obstetric | 14 | 11.60% |
Caesarean | 11 | 9.10% |
Epidural Analgesia a | 57 | 47.40% |
Episiotomy a | 24 | 20.60% |
Perineal Tears | ||
No trauma | 70 | 58.30% |
Type I | 17 | 14.10% |
Type II | 31 | 25.80% |
Type III | 2 | 1.60% |
Sex of Newborn | ||
Female | 72 | 60.10% |
Male | 48 | 39.80% |
MA | BE | P | EA | E | PT | MB | L1 | L3 | L6 | BD | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MA | - | ||||||||||
BE | - | - | |||||||||
P | 0.299 ** | 0.271 ** | - | ||||||||
EA | - | - | 0.283 ** | - | |||||||
E | 0.205 * | - | - | - | - | ||||||
PT | - | - | −0.071 ** | - | 0.356 * | - | |||||
MB | - | - | - | −0.314 ** | - | - | - | ||||
L1 | - | - | - | - | 0.112 * | - | - | - | |||
L3 | - | - | - | −0.140 ** | - | - | - | 0.497 ** | - | ||
L6 | - | - | 0.051 ** | 0.013 ** | 0.347 * | - | - | 0.417 ** | 0.704 ** | - | |
BD | - | - | −0.055 ** | 0.057 ** | −0.267 ** | - | - | −0.602 ** | −0.846 ** | - | - |
Type of Lactation 1 Month | Type of Lactation 3 Months | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
BF | ML | BF | ML | FF | |
Perineal Tear | |||||
No | |||||
Corrected residuals | 1.2 | −1.2 | 2.1 | −1.6 | −1.1 |
Type I | |||||
Corrected residuals | 1.2 | −1.2 | −3.5 | 1.0 | 3.5 |
Type II | |||||
Corrected residuals | −2.2 | 2.2 | 0.4 | 1.1 | −1.5 |
Type III | |||||
Corrected residuals | 0.4 | −0.4 | 0.7 | −0.4 | −0.5 |
Breastfeeding | Mixed Lactation | Formula Feeding | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Perineal Tears | ||||
No | Corrected Residuals | 1.0 | 0.4 | −1.3 |
Type I | Corrected Residuals | −1.4 | −1.6 | 2.9 |
Type II | Corrected Residuals | −0.3 | 1.0 | −0.6 |
Type III | Corrected Residuals | 1.3 | −0.6 | −0.8 |
Episiotomy | ||||
Yes | Corrected Residuals | 3.3 | −0.6 | −2.8 |
No | Corrected Residuals | −3.3 | 0.6 | 2.8 |
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Agea-Cano, I.; Linares-Abad, M.; Ceballos-Fuentes, A.G.; Calero-García, M.J. Breastfeeding at 1, 3 and 6 Months after Birth according to the Mode of Birth: A Correlation Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 6828. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186828
Agea-Cano I, Linares-Abad M, Ceballos-Fuentes AG, Calero-García MJ. Breastfeeding at 1, 3 and 6 Months after Birth according to the Mode of Birth: A Correlation Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(18):6828. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186828
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgea-Cano, Irene, Manuel Linares-Abad, Antonio Gregorio Ceballos-Fuentes, and María José Calero-García. 2020. "Breastfeeding at 1, 3 and 6 Months after Birth according to the Mode of Birth: A Correlation Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18: 6828. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186828
APA StyleAgea-Cano, I., Linares-Abad, M., Ceballos-Fuentes, A. G., & Calero-García, M. J. (2020). Breastfeeding at 1, 3 and 6 Months after Birth according to the Mode of Birth: A Correlation Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(18), 6828. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186828