Examining the Effect of Overload on the MHealth Application Resistance Behavior of Elderly Users: An SOR Perspective
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review and Theoretical Background
2.1. Elderly User’s MHealth Usage
2.2. Theoretical Framework of Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR)
2.2.1. Perceived Overload as Stimulus (S)
2.2.2. Fatigue and Technostress as Organism (O)
2.2.3. Resistance Behavior as Response (R)
2.3. Intergenerational Support
3. Research Model and Hypotheses
3.1. Overload (S) and Psychological Perception (O), Resistance Behavior (R)
3.1.1. Information Overload and Fatigue, Technostress
3.1.2. System Feature Overload and Fatigue, Technostress
3.2. Psychological Perception (O) and Resistance Behavior (R)
3.3. The Role of Intergenerational Support
3.4. The Mediator Role of Fatigue and Technostress
4. Methodology
4.1. Measurement
4.2. Sampling Design
4.3. Common Method Variance Testing
5. Data Analysis and Result
5.1. Measurement Model
5.2. Structural Model
5.3. Mediation Effect Test
5.4. Moderation Effect Test
6. Discussion
6.1. Key Finding
6.2. Theory Implications
6.3. Practical Contributions
7. Conclusions
7.1. Limitations
7.2. Future Research Suggestions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Construct | Measurement Items | Sources |
---|---|---|
Information overload (IO) | IO1: I am often distracted by the excessive amount of information in mHealth APP | [14] |
IO2: I feel that I am overwhelmed by too much health information in mHealth APP | ||
IO3: Processing too much health information is a burden for me | ||
System feature overload (SO) | SO1: I feel distracted by many features included in mHealth APP which are not related to my main purpose | [14] |
SO2: Some features in mHealth APP are too complex for me | ||
SO3: Too many poor sub features in mHealth APP makes performing my task even harder | ||
Fatigue (FA) | FA1: I feel exhausted during using mHealth APP | [54] |
FA2: I feel boredom from using mHealth APP | ||
FA3: I feel drained when I use mHealth APP to search health information | ||
Technostress (TE) | TE1: The functions in mHealth APP are too complicated and beyond my ability | [55] |
TE2: I feel tired for spending a long time to understand and use mHealth APP | ||
TE3: Learning how to operate mHealth APP makes me feel stressed | ||
Resistance behavior (RB) | RB1: I object to using mHealth APP | [72] |
RB2: I disagree with the using of mHealth software | ||
RB3: I oppose the life changes brought by the mHealth APP | ||
Intergenerational support (IS) | IS1: My children often encourage me to use mHealth APP | [73] |
IS2: My children often instruct me to use some functions of mHealth APP | ||
IS3: My children will help me solve the difficulties in using mHealth APP |
Profile | Sample Composition | Frequency | Percentage |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | Male | 185 | 58.36% |
Female | 132 | 41.64% | |
Age | 60–65 | 196 | 61.83% |
66–70 | 113 | 35.65% | |
71–75 | 7 | 2.21% | |
Over 75 | 1 | 0.31% | |
Education background | Senior High School/lower | 197 | 62.15% |
College | 107 | 33.75% | |
Graduate school and above | 13 | 4.10% | |
Occupation | Public service or educational | 79 | 24.92% |
Information Industry | 33 | 10.41% | |
Peasants | 68 | 21.45% | |
Retiree | 137 | 43.22% | |
mHealth applications | Online health community (e.g.,: Chunyu Doctor, Haodafu Online, Dinxiang Doctor, WeDoctor, Pingan Good Doctor) | 101 | 31.86% |
The doctor appointment mHealth application (e.g.,: Wing Health, WeChat Appointment System; Qu Hospital) | 73 | 23.03% | |
The medical e-commerce mHealth application (e.g.,: Ali Health, Self-testing Drug, Kangaiduo Palm Drug Store, One Medicine Network) | 143 | 45.11% |
Construct | Indicator | Factor Loading | AVE | Composite Reliability | Cronbach’s Alpha |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Information overload (IO) | IO1 | 0.881 | 0.798 | 0.922 | 0.889 |
IO2 | 0.906 | ||||
IO3 | 0.892 | ||||
System feature overload (SO) | SO1 | 0.855 | 0.731 | 0.891 | 0.981 |
SO2 | 0.842 | ||||
SO3 | 0.867 | ||||
Fatigue (FA) | FA1 | 0.861 | 0.819 | 0.931 | 0.809 |
FA2 | 0.938 | ||||
FA3 | 0.914 | ||||
Technostress (TE) | TE1 | 0.844 | 0.724 | 0.887 | 0.972 |
TE2 | 0.898 | ||||
TE3 | 0.809 | ||||
Resistance behavior (RB) | RB1 | 0.883 | 0.755 | 0.903 | 0.807 |
RB2 | 0.859 | ||||
RB3 | 0.865 | ||||
Intergenerational support (IS) | IS1 | 0.944 | 0.884 | 0.958 | 0.912 |
IS2 | 0.935 | ||||
IS3 | 0.942 |
Construct | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. IO | 0.893 | |||||
2. SQ | 0.317 | 0.855 | ||||
3. FA | 0.281 | 0.43 | 0.905 | |||
4. TE | 0.143 | 0.45 | 0.352 | 0.851 | ||
5. RB | 0.155 | 0.19 | 0.286 | 0.273 | 0.869 | |
6. IS | 0.163 | 0.201 | 0.374 | 0.284 | 0.174 | 0.940 |
Mediation Relationship | Indirect Effect | Direct Effect | Mediation Effect | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
95% CIs of the Indirect Effect | Significance or Not | 95% CIs of the Direct Effect | Significance or Not | ||
H6a: IO→FA→RB | [0.052, 0.173] | Yes | [−0.042, 0.134] | No | full |
H6b: SO→FA→RB | [0.023, 0.256] | Yes | [0.06, 0.14] | Yes | partial |
H6c: IO→TE→RB | [0.037, 0.251] | Yes | [−0.38, 0,71] | No | full |
H6d: SO→TE→RB | [0.045, 0.248] | Yes | [0.034, 0.262] | Yes | partial |
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Cao, Y.; Li, J.; Qin, X.; Hu, B. Examining the Effect of Overload on the MHealth Application Resistance Behavior of Elderly Users: An SOR Perspective. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 6658. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186658
Cao Y, Li J, Qin X, Hu B. Examining the Effect of Overload on the MHealth Application Resistance Behavior of Elderly Users: An SOR Perspective. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(18):6658. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186658
Chicago/Turabian StyleCao, Yuanyuan, Junjun Li, Xinghong Qin, and Baoliang Hu. 2020. "Examining the Effect of Overload on the MHealth Application Resistance Behavior of Elderly Users: An SOR Perspective" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18: 6658. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186658