COVID-19 and Thyroid: Progress and Prospects
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. COVID-19 and the Thyroid Gland
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Gorini, F.; Bustaffa, E.; Coi, A.; Iervasi, G.; Bianchi, F. Bisphenols as Environmental Triggers of Thyroid Dysfunction: Clues and Evidence. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 2654. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Cori, L.; Bianchi, F.; Cadum, E.; Anthonj, C. Risk Perception and COVID-19. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 3114. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- European Parliament, Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs, 2019. Endocrine Disruptors: From Scientific Evidence to Human Health Protection. Available online: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2019/608866/IPOL_STU(2019)608866_EN.pdf (accessed on 11 September 2020).
- John Hopkins University of Medicine. Coronavirus Research Center. Available online: https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html (accessed on 11 September 2020).
- Asfahan, S.; Deokar, K.; Dutt, N.; Niwas, R.; Jain, P.; Agarwal, M. Extrapolation of mortality in COVID-19: Exploring the role of age, sex, co-morbidities and health-care related occupation. Monaldi Arch. Chest Dis. 2020, 90. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ma, Y.; Zhao, Y.; Liu, J.; He, X.; Wang, B.; Fu, S.; Yan, J.; Niu, J.; Zhou, J.; Luo, B. Effects of temperature variation and humidity on the death of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Sci. Total Environ. 2020, 724, 138226. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Comunian, S.; Dongo, D.; Milani, C.; Palestini, P. Air Pollution and Covid-19: The Role of Particulate Matter in the Spread and Increase of Covid-19′s Morbidity and Mortality. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 4487. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Copat, C.; Cristaldi, A.; Fiore, M.; Grasso, A.; Zuccarello, P.; Signorelli, S.S.; Conti, G.O.; Ferrante, M. The role of air pollution (PM and NO2) in COVID-19 spread and lethality: A systematic review. Environ. Res. 2020, 191, 110129. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nettore, I.C.; Colao, A.; Macchia, P.E. Nutritional and Environmental Factors in Thyroid Carcinogenesis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 1735. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Fiore, M.; Conti, G.O.; Caltabiano, R.; Buffone, A.; Zuccarello, P.; Cormaci, L.; Cannizzaro, M.A.; Ferrante, M. Role of Emerging Environmental Risk Factors in Thyroid Cancer: A Brief Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 1185. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Huang, C.; Wang, Y.; Li, X.; Ren, L.; Zhao, J.; Hu, Y.; Zhang, L.; Fan, G.; Xu, J.; Gu, X.; et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 2020, 395, 497–506. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Li, Y.; He, F.; Zhou, N.; Wei, J.; Ding, Z.; Wang, L.; Chen, P.; Guo, S.; Zhang, B.; Wan, X.; et al. Multidisciplinary Team for COVID-19. Organ function support in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: Tongji experience. Front. Med. 2020, 14. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jing, Y.; Run-Qian, L.; Hao-Ran, W.; Hao-Ran, C.; Ya-Bin, L.; Yang, G.; Fei, C. Potential influence of COVID-19/ACE2 on the female reproductive system. Mol. Hum. Reprod. 2020, 26, 367–373. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Segars, J.; Katler, Q.; McQueen, D.B.; Kotlyar, A.; Glenn, T.; Knight, Z.; Feinberg, E.C.; Taylor, H.S.; Toner, J.P.; Kawwass, J.F.; et al. Prior and novel coronaviruses, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), and human reproduction: What is known? Fertil. Steril. 2020, 113, 1140–1149. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Leow, M.K.; Kwek, D.S.; Ng, A.W.; Ong, K.C.; Kaw, G.J.; Lee, L.S. Hypocortisolism in survivors of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Clin. Endocrinol. 2005, 63, 197–202. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wei, L.; Sun, S.; Xu, C.H.; Zhang, J.; Xu, J.; Zhu, H.; Peh, S.-C.; Korteweg, C.; McNutt, M.A.; Gu, J. Pathology of the thyroid in severe acute respiratory syndrome. Hum. Pathol. 2007, 38, 95–102. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Brancatella, A.; Ricci, D.; Viola, N.; Sgrò, D.; Santini, F.; Latrofa, F. Subacute Thyroiditis After Sars-COV-2 Infection. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2020, 105, 2367–2370. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Guimarães, V.C. Subacute and riedel’s thyroiditis. In Endocrinology Adult and Pediatric, 7th ed.; Jameson, J.L., De Groot, L.J., Eds.; Elsevier: Saunders, PA, USA, 2016; pp. 1541–1556. [Google Scholar]
- Nishihara, E.; Ohye, H.; Amino, N.; Takata, K.; Arishima, T.; Kudo, T.; Ito, M.; Kubota, S.; Fukata, S.; Miyauchi, A. Clinical characteristics of 852 patients with subacute thyroiditis before treatment. Intern. Med. 2008, 47, 725–729. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Desailloud, R.; Hober, D. Viruses and thyroiditis: An update. Virol J. 2009, 6, 5. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Benbassat, C.A.; Olchovsky, D.; Tsvetov, G.; Shimon, I. Subacute thyroiditis: Clinical characteristics and treatment outcome in fifty-six consecutive patients diagnosed between 1999 and 2005. J. Endocrinol. Investig. 2007, 30, 631–635. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bouillet, B.; Petit, J.M.; Piroth, L.; Duong, M.; Bourg, J.B. A case of subacute thyroiditis associated with primary HIV infection. Am. J. Med. 2009, 122, e5–e6. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Assir, M.Z.; Jawa, A.; Ahmed, H.I. Expanded dengue syndrome: Subacute thyroiditis and intracerebral hemorrhage. BMC Infect. Dis. 2012, 12, 240. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Martínez-Artola, Y.; Poncino, D.; García, M.L.; Munné, M.S.; González, J.; García, D.S. Acute hepatitis E virus infection and association with a subacute thyroiditis. Ann. Hepatol. 2015, 14, 141–142. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, M.; Zhou, W.; Xu, W. Thyroid Function Analysis in 50 Patients with COVID-19: A Retrospective Study. Thyroid 2020. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Fliers, E.; Bianco, A.C.; Langouche, L.; Boelen, A. Thyroid function in critically ill patients. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2015, 3, 816–825. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Muller, I.; Cannavaro, D.; Dazzi, D.; Covelli, D.; Mantovani, G.; Muscatello, A.; Ferrante, E.; Orsi, E.; Resi, V.; Longari, V.; et al. SARS-CoV-2-related atypical thyroiditis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020, 8, 739–741. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Boelaert, K.; Visser, W.E.; Taylor, P.N.; Moran, C.; Léger, J.; Persani, L. Endocrinology in the Time of COVID-19: Management of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 2020, 183, G33–G39. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dworakowska, D.; Grossman, A.B. Thyroid disease in the time of COVID-19. Endocrine 2020, 68, 471–474. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Gorini, F.; Bianchi, F.; Iervasi, G. COVID-19 and Thyroid: Progress and Prospects. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 6630. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186630
Gorini F, Bianchi F, Iervasi G. COVID-19 and Thyroid: Progress and Prospects. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(18):6630. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186630
Chicago/Turabian StyleGorini, Francesca, Fabrizio Bianchi, and Giorgio Iervasi. 2020. "COVID-19 and Thyroid: Progress and Prospects" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18: 6630. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186630
APA StyleGorini, F., Bianchi, F., & Iervasi, G. (2020). COVID-19 and Thyroid: Progress and Prospects. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(18), 6630. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186630