Coexistence of Lack of Clinical Manifestation of Oral Mycosis and Systemic Diseases in Edentulous Patients Using Removable Prosthetic Restorations
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and methods
- A.
- The general health status of patients who did not show symptoms of inflammation of the mucosa (Newton “0”) was compared with that of patients who were clinically symptomatic of inflammation of the denture-bearing area (Newton 1, 2 or 3).
- B.
- The health status of patients who did not show signs of inflammation, but who qualified for treatment, was compared with that of patients with clinically apparent inflammatory symptoms, and who also became eligible for antifungal pharmacotherapy after receiving the results.
- C.
3. Statistical Analysis
4. Results
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Petersen, P.E.; Bourgeois, D.; Ogawa, H.; Estupinan-Day, S.; Ndiaye, C. The global burden of oral diseases and risks to oral health. Bull World Health Organ. 2005, 83, 661–669. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Osterberg, T.; Carlsson, G.E.; Sundh., V. Trends and prognoses of dental status in the Swedish population: Analysis based on interviews in 1975 to 1997 by Statistics Sweden. Acta Odontol. Scand. 2000, 58, 177–182. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- GUS. Available online: https://stat.gov.pl/obszary-tematyczne/ludnosc/prognoza-ludnosci/prognoza-ludnosci-na-lata-2008-2035-publikacja,1,4.html (accessed on 1 June 2019).
- Gabrowska, E.; Sporadyk, M. Zasady żywienia osób w starszym wieku. Gerontol. Polska 2006, 14, 57–62. [Google Scholar]
- Berkey, D.; Berg, R. Geriatric oral health issues in the United States. Int. Dent. J. 2001, 51, 254–264. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Petersen, P.E.; Kandelman, D.; Arpin, S.; Ogawa, H. Global oral health of older people—Call for public health action. Community Dent. Health 2010, 27, 257–267. [Google Scholar]
- Vincent, J.R.; Tenenbaum, M.P.; Massicotte, P. Teaching of geriatric dentistry; training of “mobile dental service” dentists. J. Dent. Que. 1992, 29, 15–17. [Google Scholar]
- Douglass, C.W.; Shih, A.; Ostry, L. Will there be a need for complete dentures in the United States in 2020? J. Prosthet Dent. 2002, 87, 5–8. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- WHO. The International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps. 1980. Available online: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/41003/9241541261_eng.pdf?sequence=1 (accessed on 1 June 2019).
- Felton, D. A Edentulism and Comorbid Factors. J. Prosthodont. 2009, 18, 88–96. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cześnikiewicz-Guzik, M. Przewlekłe Stany Zapalne Jamy Ustnej Jako Czynnik Ryzyka Miażdżycy i Nadciśnienia Tętniczego. Czyn. Ryz 2009, 3, 28. [Google Scholar]
- Maciąg, J.; Mikołajczyk, T.; Matusik, P.; Nosalski, R.; Sagan, A.; Maciąg, A.; Nowakowski, D.; Wilk, G.; Osmenda, G.; Guzik, T.; et al. Systemic T Cells and Monocyte Characteristics in Patients with Denture Stomatitis. J. Prosthodons. 2017, 26, 19–28. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Osmenda, G.; Maciąg, J.; Wilk, G.; Maciąg, A.; Nowakowski, D.; Loster, J.; Osmenda, G.; Maciąg, J.; Wilk, G.; Maciąg, A.; et al. Treatment of denture-related stomatitis improves endothelial function assessed by flow-mediated vascular dilation. Arch. Med. Sci. 2017, 13, 66–74. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Akpan, A.; Morgan, R. Oral. Candidiasis. Postgrad Med. J. 2002, 78, 455–459. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Link, A.; Ayadhi, T.; Bohm, M.; Nickenig, G. Rapid immunomodulation by rosuvastatin in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Eur. Heart J. 2006, 27, 2945–2955. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Loster, B.W.; Loster, J.; Wieczorek, A.; Ryniewicz, W. Mycological analysis of the oral cavity of patients using acrylic removable dentures. Gastroenterol. Res. Pract. 2012, 951572. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Newton, A.V. Denture sore mouth. A possible etiology. Br. Dent. J. 1962, 112, 357–360. [Google Scholar]
- Gacon, I.; Loster, J.E.; Wieczorek, A. Relationship between oral hygiene and fungal growth in patients–Users of an acrylic denture without signs of inflammatory process. Clin. Interv. Aging 2019, 14, 1297–1304. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Scully, C.; el-Kabir, M.; Samaranayake, L.P. Candida and oral candidosis: A review. Crit. Rev. Oral Biol. Med. 1994, 5, 125–157. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Belazi, M.; Velegraki, A.; Fleva, A.; Gidarakou, I.; Papanaum, L.; Baka, D.; Daniilidou, N.; Karamitsos, D. Candidal overgrowth in diabetic patients: Potential predisposing factors. Mycoses 2005, 48, 192–196. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pokupec, J.S.; Lukenda, D.B. Comorbidity of recurrent aphthous stomatitis and polyps ventriculi. Coll. Antropol. 2013, 37, 297–299. [Google Scholar]
- Dietrich, T.; Sharma, P.; Walter, C.; Weston, P.; Beck, J. The epidemiological evidence behind the association between periodontitis and incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. J. Periodontol. 2013, 84, 70–84. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Górski, B.; Górska, R. Assessment of Periodontal Status by Using CPI Index, the Offenbacher’s Scale and the Analysis of Selected Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases in Patients After Acute Myocardial Infarction. Dent. Med. Probl. 2014, 51, 468–476. [Google Scholar]
- Mayer, C.; Gruber, H.J.; Landl, E.M.; Pailer, S.; Scharnagl, H.; Truschnig-Wilders, M.; März, W. Rosuvastatin reduces interleukin-6-induced expression of C-reactive protein in human hepatocytes in a STAT3- and C/EBP-dependent fashion. Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 2007, 45, 319–327. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Subramani, J.; Kathirvel, K.; Leo, M.D.; Kuntamallappanavar, G.; Uttam Singh, T.; Mishra, S.K. Atorvastatin restores the impaired vascular endothelium-dependent relaxations mediated by nitric oxide and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors but not hypotension in sepsis. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 2009, 54, 526–534. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Alvarez de Sotomayor, M.; Vega, S.; Mingorance, C.; Marhuenda, E.; Herrera, M.D. Effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibition by simvastatin on vascular dysfunction induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats. Pharmacology 2008, 82, 89–96. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Petit, C.; Batool, F.; Bugueno, I.M.; Schwinté, P.; Benkirane-Jessel, N.; Huck, O. Contribution of Statins towards Periodontal Treatment: A Review. Mediat Inflamm. 2019, 6367402. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Diseases | Percent (Number) of Patients |
---|---|
Hypertension | 34% (96) |
Cardiovascular diseases | 16% (46) |
Diabetes | 8% (23) |
Asthma | 2% (5) |
Ulcers | 3% (8) |
Icterus | 1% (3) |
Total | 100% (279) |
Disease | Newton 0 | Newton 1,2,3 | OR | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hypertension | 53 (58%) | 43 (23%) | 0.213 | <0.001 * |
Cardiovascular diseases | 20 (22%) | 26 (14%) | 0.57 | 0.088 |
Diabetes | 13 (14%) | 10 (5%) | 0.337 | 0.014 * |
Asthma | 3 (3%) | 2 (1%) | 0.315 | 0.211 |
Ulcers | 7 (8%) | 1 (1%) | 0.064 | 0.011 * |
Icterus | 3 (3%) | 0 (0%) | 0 | 0.996 |
Disease | Newton 0 | Newton 1,2,3 | OR | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hypertension | 20 (22%) | 32 (17%) | 0.728 | 0.32 |
Cardiovascular diseases | 4 (4%) | 18 (10%) | 2.303 | 0.142 |
Diabetes | 7 (8%) | 7 (4%) | 0.464 | 0.163 |
Asthma | 2 (2%) | 2 (1%) | 0.478 | 0.465 |
Ulcers | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 0.481 | 0.607 |
Disease | Newton 0 | Newton 1,2,3 | OR | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hypertension | 20 (22%) | 43 (23%) | 1.053 | 0.867 |
Cardiovascular diseases | 4 (4%) | 26 (14%) | 3.491 | 0.024 * |
Diabetes | 7 (8%) | 10 (5%) | 0.674 | 0.44 |
Asthma | 2 (2%) | 2 (1%) | 0.478 | 0.465 |
Ulcers | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 0.481 | 0.607 |
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Gacon, I.; Wieczorek, A. Coexistence of Lack of Clinical Manifestation of Oral Mycosis and Systemic Diseases in Edentulous Patients Using Removable Prosthetic Restorations. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 6348. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176348
Gacon I, Wieczorek A. Coexistence of Lack of Clinical Manifestation of Oral Mycosis and Systemic Diseases in Edentulous Patients Using Removable Prosthetic Restorations. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(17):6348. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176348
Chicago/Turabian StyleGacon, Izabela, and Aneta Wieczorek. 2020. "Coexistence of Lack of Clinical Manifestation of Oral Mycosis and Systemic Diseases in Edentulous Patients Using Removable Prosthetic Restorations" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17: 6348. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176348