Analysis of Health-Related Behaviors of Adult Korean Women at Normal BMI with Different Body Image Perceptions: Results from the 2013–2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHNES)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Purposes of the Study
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Measures
2.3.1. Body Mass Index (BMI)
2.3.2. Subjective Body Image Perception
2.3.3. Health-Related Behavior (HRS)
2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Body Shape According to General Characteristics
3.2. Health-Related Behaviors of Different Body Image Perceptions
3.3. Odds Ratio in Regards to Health-Related Behaviors
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | Variable Item | BICP | Misperceiving Body Image | Total | Rao–Scott χ2(p) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BIUP | BIOP | |||||
Age (years) | 20–29 | 680 (53.9) | 95 (8.2) | 471 (37.9) | 1246 (100) | 428.992 (<0.001) |
30–39 | 958 (54.4) | 132 (8.5) | 635 (37.2) | 1725 (100) | ||
40–49 | 1089 (53.4) | 176 (9) | 765 (37.6) | 2030 (100) | ||
50–59 | 970 (56) | 208 (12.3) | 539 (31.6) | 1717 (100) | ||
60–69 | 736 (56.1) | 218 (15.5) | 346 (28.3) | 1300 (100) | ||
≥70 | 695 (55.4) | 420 (33) | 155 (11.6) | 1270 (100) | ||
Total | 5128 (54.6) | 1249 (12.4) | 2911 (33) | 9288 (100) | ||
Marital status | Never married | 795 (54.4) | 117 (8.6) | 525 (37.1) | 1437 (100) | 145.374 (<0.001) |
Married (cohabit) | 3517 (55.2) | 745 (11.3) | 2045 (33.6) | 6307 (100) | ||
Married (separated) | 812 (52.4) | 386 (23.9) | 339 (23.7) | 1537 (100) | ||
Total | 5124 (54.6) | 1248 (12.4) | 2909 (33) | 9281 (100) | ||
Household income | Q1 | 854 (53.4) | 405 (23.5) | 323 (23.1) | 1582 (100) | 156.437 (<0.001) |
Q2 | 1181 (53.3) | 289 (12.6) | 714 (34.1) | 2184 (100) | ||
Q3 | 1427 (54.1) | 285 (10.6) | 890 (35.3) | 2602 (100) | ||
Q4 | 1642 (56.7) | 262 (9) | 972 (34.4) | 2876 (100) | ||
Total | 5104 (54.6) | 1241 (12.4) | 2899 (33) | 9244 (100) | ||
Occupation | Professional, manage | 738 (58.6) | 109 (9.7) | 397 (31.8) | 1244 (100) | 82.784 (<0.001) |
Office worker | 477 (54.5) | 68 (8) | 331 (37.6) | 876 (100) | ||
Service and sales | 685 (51.5) | 121 (9) | 491 (39.6) | 1297 (100) | ||
Agricultural | 148 (50.7) | 75 (25.1) | 56 (24.1) | 279 (100) | ||
Technician, manipulation | 138 (55) | 25 (12.6) | 80 (32.4) | 243 (100) | ||
Simple labor | 401 (51.5) | 143 (15.8) | 218 (32.6) | 762 (100) | ||
Inoccupation | 2343 (55.8) | 622 (13.5) | 1233 (30.7) | 4198 (100) | ||
Total | 4930 (54.9) | 1163 (12) | 2806 (33) | 8899 (100) | ||
Education | Elementary school | 1001 (54.9) | 493 (26.2) | 324 (18.8) | 1818 (100) | 299.196 (<0.001) |
Middle school | 443 (54.5) | 117 (14) | 247 (31.5) | 807 (100) | ||
High school | 1600 (52.6) | 270 (9.2) | 1095 (38.2) | 2965 (100) | ||
≥College | 1884 (57.1) | 283 (8.9) | 11,309 (34) | 3306 (100) | ||
Total | 4928 (54.9) | 1163 (12.1) | 2805 (33) | 8896 (100) | ||
Menopause | No | 2973 (54.2) | 485 (9.3) | 1968 (36.6) | 5426 (100) | 157.41 (<0.001) |
Yes | 2155 (55.5) | 764 (18.3) | 943 (26.1) | 3862 (100) | ||
Total | 5128 (54.6) | 1249 (12.4) | 2911 (33) | 9288 (100) |
Characteristic | Variable Item | BICP | Misperceiving Body Image | Total | Rao–Scott χ2(p) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BIUP | BIOP | |||||
Weight control attempt during the past 1 year | Lose weight | 1748 (44.7) | 100 (14.8) | 1739 (67.6) | 3587 (50) | 1030.68 (<0.001) |
Maintain weight | 1179 (28.4) | 198 (28.2) | 360 (13.5) | 1737 (23) | ||
Gain weight | 52 (1.2) | 121 (16.5) | 4 (0.1) | 177 (2.3) | ||
Nothing to control weight | 1112 (25.7) | 286 (40.5) | 518 (18.8) | 1916 (24.6) | ||
Total | 4091 (100) | 705 (100) | 2621 (100) | 7417 (100) | ||
Aerobic exercise | No | 1662 (48.5) | 325 (53.9) | 1030 (46) | 3017 (48.1) | 9.069 (0.011) |
Yes | 1669 (51.5) | 263 (46.1) | 1125 (54) | 3057 (51.9) | ||
Total | 3331 (100) | 588 (100) | 2155 (100) | 6074 (100) | ||
Muscle strengthening exercise | No | 3242 (81.7) | 566 (83.5) | 2161 (84.6) | 5969 (82.9) | 6.812 (0.033) |
Yes | 703 (18.3) | 107 (16.5) | 362 (15.4) | 1172 (17.1) | ||
Total | 3945 (100) | 673 (100) | 2523 (100) | 7141 (100) | ||
Smoking status | Current smoker | 188 (5.0) | 49 (7.5) | 178 (7.5) | 276 (4.1)) | 17.391 (0.008) |
Former smoker | 230 (6.3) | 38 (5.1) | 163 (6.6) | 431 (6.3) | ||
Never smoker | 3673 (88.8) | 620 (87.6) | 2280 (85.9) | 6573 (87.6) | ||
Total | 4091 (100) | 706 (100) | 2620 (100) | 7417 (100) | ||
Smoking | Total | 7.40 ± 0.45 | 8.25 ± 1.07 | 8.44 ± 0.47 | 7.96 ± 0.33 | 1.45 (0.236) |
Alcohol consumption | None | 623 (15.3) | 135 (19.1) | 393 (15.2) | 1151 (15.6) | 15.497 (0.115) |
>1 times/month | 1000 (26.8) | 182 (27.6) | 687 (28.6) | 1869 (27.5) | ||
1 times/month | 536 (15.1) | 85 (14.1) | 313 (12.8) | 934 (14.2) | ||
2–4 times/month | 976 (27.9) | 145 (25.6) | 659 (27.7) | 1780 (27.6) | ||
2–3 times/week | 453 (12.5) | 65 (11) | 278 (12.2) | 796 (12.2) | ||
≥4 times/week | 88 (2.5) | 17 (2.6) | 86 (3.5) | 191 (2.9) | ||
Total | 3676 (100) | 629 (100) | 2416 (100) | 6721 (100) | ||
Drinking | 1–2 glasses/time | 1623 (50.9) | 284 (53.3) | 936 (43.3) | 2843 (48.3) | 53.517 (<0.001) |
3–4 glasses/time | 758 (24.8) | 115 (25.3) | 486 (23.3) | 1359 (24.3) | ||
5–6 glasses/time | 379 (13) | 50 (11.1) | 282 (14.9) | 711 (13.5) | ||
7–9 glasses/time | 169 (6.6) | 30 (6.8) | 166 (9.3) | 365 (7.6) | ||
≥10 glasses/time | 124 (4.7) | 15 (3.5) | 153 (9.2) | 292 (6.3) | ||
Total | 3053 (100) | 494 (100) | 2023 (100) | 5570 (100) | ||
Sleep | >7 h/day | 1515 (37.2) | 269 (36.1) | 1071 (41.7) | 2855 (38.7) | 14.203 (0.007) |
>8 h/day | 1271 (32.2) | 230 (35) | 762 (28.9) | 2263 (31.2) | ||
≤8 h/day | 1246 (30.6) | 190 (28.9) | 745 (29.4) | 2181 (30) | ||
Total | 4032 (100) | 689 (100) | 2578 (100) | 7299 (100) |
Characteristic | Variable Item | BICP | Misperceiving Body Image | Total | Rao–Scott χ2(p) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BIUP | BIOP | |||||
Weight control attempt during the past 1 year | Lose weight | 132 (12.9) | 14 (2.1) | 132 (44.7) | 278 (14.7) | 294.809 (<0.001) |
Maintain weight | 176 (16.3) | 47 (9.4) | 39 (13.8) | 262 (13.9) | ||
Gain weight | 50 (5.1) | 117 (20.4) | 9 (2.9) | 176 (9.2) | ||
Nothing to control weight | 677 (65.7) | 360 (68) | 110 (38.6) | 1147 (62.2) | ||
Total | 1035 (100) | 538 (100) | 290 (100) | 1863 (100) | ||
Aerobic exercise | No | 668 (67.5) | 370 (77.8) | 191 (67.4) | 1229 (70.3) | 12.707 (0.002) |
Yes | 303 (32.5) | 113 (22.2) | 90 (32.6) | 506 (29.7) | ||
Total | 971 (100) | 483 (100) | 281 (100) | 1735 (100) | ||
Muscle strengthening exercise | No | 891 (90.5) | 458 (93.3) | 261 (89.6) | 1610 (91.1) | 2.945 (0.229) |
Yes | 95 (9.5) | 34 (6.7) | 23 (10.4) | 152 (8.9) | ||
Total | 986 (100) | 492 (100) | 284 (100) | 1762 (100) | ||
Smoking status | Current smoker | 27 (2.8) | 30 (6.3) | 6 (1.3) | 63 (3.6) | 16.701 (0.002) |
Former smoker | 33 (3.4) | 23 (3.5) | 13 (5) | 69 (3.7) | ||
Never smoker | 977 (93.9) | 489 (90.2) | 271 (93.7) | 1737 (92.8) | ||
Total | 1037 (100) | 542 (100) | 290 (100) | 1869 (100) | ||
Smoking | 11.18±1.79 | 10.09±2.04 | 11.47±3.14 | 10.68±1.29 | 0.110 (0.900) | |
Alcohol consumption | None | 229 (36.9) | 136 (44.9) | 75 (33.9) | 440 (38.5) | 10.028 (0.438) |
>1 times/month | 206 (31.6) | 84 (27.9) | 59 (32.2) | 349 (30.7) | ||
1 times/month | 77 (12.7) | 30 (9.8) | 25 (13.6) | 132 (12.1) | ||
2–4 times/month | 75 (11) | 28 (8.3) | 23 (12.9) | 126 (10.6) | ||
2–3 times/week | 31 (4.8) | 9 (4.8) | 11 (5.9) | 51 (5) | ||
≥4 times/week | 20 (3) | 13 (4.4) | 4 (1.6) | 37 (3.1) | ||
Total | 638 (100) | 300 (100) | 197 (100) | 1135 (100) | ||
Drinking | 1–2 glasses/time | 339 (83.1) | 136 (84.7) | 101 (82.6) | 576 (83.4) | 0.258 (0.992) |
3–4 glasses/time | 48 (12.6) | 21 (11.6) | 17 (12.8) | 86 (12.4) | ||
≥5 glasses/time | 21 (4.2) | 7 (3.7) | 4 (4.7) | 32 (4.2) | ||
Total | 408 (100) | 164 (100) | 122 (100) | 694 (100) | ||
Sleep | >7 h/day | 450 (42.9) | 236 (43.2) | 121 (43.2) | 807 (43.1) | 2.725 (0.605) |
>8 h/day | 244 (24.2) | 93 (20.5) | 71 (25) | 408 (23.3) | ||
≤8 h/day | 311 (32.8) | 185 (36.3) | 92 (31.8) | 588 (33.7) | ||
Total | 1005 (100) | 514 (100) | 284 (100) | 1803 (100) |
Group | BICP | Misperceiving Body Image | |
---|---|---|---|
BIUP | BIOP | ||
≤64 aged | 1 | 0.718(0.594–0.866) | 0.961(0.853–1.083) |
>65 aged | 1 | 0.572(0.443–0.738) | 1.683(1.260–2.248) |
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Park, S.; Shin, J.; Baek, S. Analysis of Health-Related Behaviors of Adult Korean Women at Normal BMI with Different Body Image Perceptions: Results from the 2013–2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHNES). Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 5534. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155534
Park S, Shin J, Baek S. Analysis of Health-Related Behaviors of Adult Korean Women at Normal BMI with Different Body Image Perceptions: Results from the 2013–2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHNES). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(15):5534. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155534
Chicago/Turabian StylePark, Seyeon, Jieun Shin, and Seunghui Baek. 2020. "Analysis of Health-Related Behaviors of Adult Korean Women at Normal BMI with Different Body Image Perceptions: Results from the 2013–2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHNES)" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 15: 5534. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155534