Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Heregovački pršut—Traditionally Smoked Prosciutto
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sampling
2.2. Production of Hercegovački Pršut
2.3. GC-MS (Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry) Analysis
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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PAH | Herzegovina-Neretva Canton (N = 12) | West Herzegovina Canton (N = 10) | Herzeg-Bosnia Canton (N = 7) | Trebinje Region (N = 5) | Total (N = 34) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nap | |||||
<LOQ (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Min–Max μg/kg | 0.01–12.99 | 0.01–10.09 | 0.72–2.66 | 0.51–1.97 | 0.01–12.99 |
Average ± St. Dev μg/kg | 1.84 b ± 3.35 | 2.13 a ± 2.63 | 1.42 d ± 0.69 | 1.14 e ± 0.41 | 1.63 c ± 2.47 |
Anl | |||||
<LOQ (%) | 4(33.3) | 3(30.0) | 6(85.7) | 4(80.0) | 16(47.0) |
Min–Max μg/kg | <LOQ–2.32 | <LOQ–1.63 | <LOQ–0.19 | <LOQ–0.10 | <LOQ–2.32 |
Average ± St. Dev μg/kg | 0.35 a ± 0.62 | 0.30 b ± 0.49 | 0.02 d ± 0.06 | 0.02 e ± 0.04 | 0.17 c ± 0.48 |
Ane | |||||
<LOQ (%) | 12(100.0) | 10(100.0) | 7(100.0) | 5(100.0) | 34(100.0) |
Min–Max μg/kg | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ |
Average ± St. Dev μg/kg | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ |
Flu | |||||
<LOQ (%) | 1(8.3) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1(2.9) |
Min–Max μg/kg | <LOQ–1.07 | 0.19–2.45 | 0.11–0.50 | 0.11–0.34 | <LOQ–2.45 |
Average ± St. Dev μg/kg | 0.67 b ± 0.29 | 0.69 a ± 0.63 | 0.27 d ± 0.10 | 0.20 e ± 0.07 | 0.45 c ± 0.43 |
Ant | |||||
<LOQ (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Min–Max μg/kg | 0.86–2.86 | 0.54–5.06 | 0.50–2.04 | 0.67–1.37 | 0.5–5.06 |
Average ± St. Dev μg/kg | 1.70 b ± 0.52 | 1.93 a ± 1.55 | 0.95 e ± 0.44 | 0.97 d ± 0.24 | 1.39 c ± 0.99 |
Phen | |||||
<LOQ (%) | 1(8.3) | 5(50.0) | 6(85.7) | 4(80.0) | 15(44.1) |
Min–Max μg/kg | <LOQ–5.97 | <LOQ–1.25 | <LOQ–0.14 | <LOQ–0.14 | <LOQ–5.97 |
Average ± St. Dev μg/kg | 0.73 a ± 1.22 | 0.25 b ± 0.40 | 0.02 d ± 0.05 | 0.02 c ± 0.06 | 0.26 b ± 0.82 |
Flt | |||||
<LOQ (%) | 3(25.0) | 5(50.0) | 6(85.7) | 5(100.0) | 18(52.9) |
Min–Max μg/kg | <LOQ–0.50 | <LOQ–0.44 | <LOQ–0.20 | <LOQ | <LOQ–050 |
Average ± St. Dev μg/kg | 0.17 a ± 0.14 | 0.14 b ± 0.15 | 0.03 d ± 0.07 | <LOQ | 0.08 c ± 0.14 |
Pyr | |||||
<LOQ (%) | 12(100) | 10(100.0) | 7(100.0) | 5(100.0) | 34(100) |
Min–Max μg/kg | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ |
Average ± St. Dev μg/kg | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ |
BaA | |||||
<LOQ (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Min–Max μg/kg | 0.93–6.85 | 0.23–4.37 | 0.72–1.96 | 0.29–2.02 | 0.23–6.85 |
Average ± St. Dev μg/kg | 3.04 a ± 1.46 | 1.52 c ± 1.24 | 1.24 d ± 0.45 | 0.82 e ± 0.61 | 1.66 b ± 1.43 |
Chry | |||||
<LOQ (%) | 11(91.6) | 10(100.0) | 7(100.0) | 5(100.0) | 33(97.0) |
Min–Max μg/kg | <LOQ–6.07 | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ–6.07 |
Average ± St. Dev μg/kg | 0.46 a ± 1.58 | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | 0.11 b ± 0.96 |
BbF | |||||
<LOQ (%) | 3(25.0) | 4(40.0) | 7(100.0) | 2(40.0) | 15(44.1) |
Min–Max μg/kg | <LOQ–5.10 | <LOQ–0.67 | <LOQ | <LOQ–0.24 | <LOQ–5.10 |
Average ± St. Dev μg/kg | 1.07 a ± 1.84 | 0.23 c ± 0.25 | <LOQ | 0.11 d ± 0.10 | 0.35 b ± 1.2 |
BkF | |||||
<LOQ (%) | 4(33.3) | 5(50.0) | 6(85.7) | 4(80.0) | 18(52.9) |
Min–Max μg/kg | <LOQ–7.91 | <LOQ–0.16 | <LOQ–0.14 | <LOQ–0.18 | <LOQ–7.91 |
Average ± St. Dev μg/kg | 0.68 a ± 1.98 | 0.07 c ± 0.07 | 0.02 e ± 0.05 | 0.03 d ± 0.07 | 0.20 b ± 1.21 |
BaP | |||||
<LOQ (%) | 4(33.3) | 7(70.0) | 7(100.0) | 3(60.0) | 20(58.8) |
Min–Max μg/kg | <LOQ–5.08 | <LOQ–0.18 | <LOQ | <LOQ–0.14 | <LOQ–5.08 |
Average ± St. Dev μg/kg | 0.65 a ± 1.38 | 0.04 c ± 0.07 | <LOQ | 0.04 c ± 0.06 | 0.18 b ± 0.87 |
DahA | |||||
<LOQ (%) | 8(66.6) | 8(80.0) | 7(100.0) | 5(100.0) | 27(79.4) |
Min–Max μg/kg | <LOQ–12.83 | <LOQ–1.24 | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ–12.83 |
Average ± St. Dev μg/kg | 1.05 a ± 3.15 | 0.16 c ± 0.38 | <LOQ | <LOQ | 0.31 b ± 1.95 |
BghiP | |||||
<LOQ (%) | 7(58.3) | 4(40.0) | 6(85.7) | 2(40.0) | 18(52.9) |
Min–Max μg/kg | <LOQ–7.43 | <LOQ–1.44 | <LOQ–0.65 | <LOQ–1.10 | <LOQ–7.43 |
Average ± St. Dev μg/kg | 0.89 a ± 2.01 | 0.41 c ± 0.44 | 0.09 d ± 0.24 | 0.45 bc ± 0.47 | 0.47 b ± 1.27 |
InP | |||||
<LOQ (%) | 6(50.0) | 5(50.0) | 7(100.0) | 2(40.0) | 17(50.0) |
Min–Max μg/kg | <LOQ–10.02 | <LOQ–2.41 | <LOQ | <LOQ–0.87 | <LOQ–10.02 |
Average ± St. Dev μg/kg | 1.00 a ± 2.46 | 0.46 b ± 0.70 | <LOQ | 0.37 c ± 0.37 | 0.46 b ± 1.56 |
PAH4 | |||||
<1 (%) | 1(8.33) | 1(10.0) | 3(42.8) | 3(60.0) | 7(20.5) |
Min–Max μg/kg | 0.95–22.67 | 0.45–4.67 | 0.72–1.96 | 0.52–2.15 | 0.45–22.67 |
Average ± St. Dev μg/kg | 5.24 a ± 5.48 | 1.81 c ± 1.15 | 1.24 d ± 0.45 | 0.99 e ± 0.56 | 2.32 b ± 3.81 |
PAH16 | |||||
<1 (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Min–Max μg/kg | 6.71–87.65 | 3.74–23.28 | 2.92–9.83 | 3.17–7.95 | 2.92–87.6 |
Average ± St. Dev μg/kg | 19.60 a ± 20.60 | 10.21 b ± 5.44 | 5.35 d ± 1.86 | 5.21 e ± 1.43 | 10.10 c ± 14.05 |
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Mastanjević, K.; Puljić, L.; Kartalović, B.; Grbavac, J.; Jukić Grbavac, M.; Nadaždi, H.; Habschied, K. Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Heregovački pršut—Traditionally Smoked Prosciutto. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 5097. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145097
Mastanjević K, Puljić L, Kartalović B, Grbavac J, Jukić Grbavac M, Nadaždi H, Habschied K. Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Heregovački pršut—Traditionally Smoked Prosciutto. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(14):5097. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145097
Chicago/Turabian StyleMastanjević, Krešimir, Leona Puljić, Brankica Kartalović, Jozo Grbavac, Marija Jukić Grbavac, Helena Nadaždi, and Kristina Habschied. 2020. "Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Heregovački pršut—Traditionally Smoked Prosciutto" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 14: 5097. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145097