Body Satisfaction, Weight Stigma, Positivity, and Happiness among Spanish Adults with Overweight and Obesity
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Procedure
2.2. Study Variables and Measures
2.3. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Findings and Comparisons by Sex/Gender and BMI Category
3.2. Interaction Effects of Sex/Gender and BMI Category
3.3. Correlations and Hierarchical Multiple Regression for Predicting SWB
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Total M ± SD | Men M ± SD | Women M ± SD | t p | d | Overweight M ± SD | Obesity M ± SD | t p | d | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 42.03 ± 10.74 | 43.53 ± 11.11 | 41.03 ± 10.46 | −1.139 0.258 | 0.14 | 41.77 ± 11.05 | 42.61 ± 10.16 | −0.362 0.718 | 0.08 |
Measured BMI | 28.8 ± 3.6 | 29.3± 3.2 | 28.4 ± 3.8 | −1.295 0.198 | 0.25 | 26.6 ± 1.2 | 33.5 ± 2.3 | −15.327 ** <0.001 | 4.26 |
Self-reported BMI | 27.3± 3.6 | 28.1 ± 2.9 | 26.7 ± 3.9 | −1.999 * 0.048 | 0.40 | 25.3 ± 2.1 | 31.6 ± 2.1 | −13.895 ** <0.001 | 3.00 |
Perceived body image | −1.8 ± 2.0 | −1.2 ± 2.2 | −2.2 ± 1.7 | −2.443 * 0.017 | 0.52 | −1.1 ± 1.8 | −3.4 ± 1.4 | 6.094 ** <0.001 | 1.36 |
Ideal body image | 0.3 ± 1.8 | 0.9 ± 2.1 | −0.1 ± 1.5 | −2.384 * 0.020 | 0.55 | 0.6 ± 1.7 | −0.4 ± 2.0 | 2.648 ** 0.009 | 0.54 |
PBI-IBI discrepancy | −2.1 ± 1.8 | −2.1 ± 2.2 | −2.2 ± 1.5 | −0.190 0.850 | 0.05 | −1.8 ± 1.6 | −2.9 ± 2.0 | 3.196 ** 0.002 | 0.61 |
Body satisfaction | 4.7 ± 1.4 | 5.2 ± 1.1 | 4.4 ± 1.5 | −2.815 ** 0.006 | 0.61 | 5.0 ± 1.1 | 4.0 ± 1.7 | 3.045 ** 0.004 | 0.70 |
Self-stigma | 24.7 ± 11.4 | 21.8 ± 9.2 | 26.6 ± 12.3 | 2.208 * 0.030 | 0.44 | 23.3 ± 11.1 | 27.7 ± 11.4 | −1.847 † 0.068 | 0.39 |
Positivity | 3.9 ± 0.8 | 3.9 ± 0.8 | 3.9 ± 0.8 | 0.345 0.731 | 0.00 | 3.9 ± 0.8 | 3.8 ± 0.8 | 0.650 0.517 | 0.13 |
Happiness | 7.5 ± 1.8 | 7.5 ± 1.7 | 7.5 ± 1.9 | 0.045 0.964 | 0.00 | 7.8 ± 1.6 | 6.8 ± 2.0 | 2.505 * 0.014 | 0.55 |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Measured BMI | 1 | 0.92 ** | −0.52 ** | −0.30 ** | −0.26 * | −0.38 ** | 0.20 * | −0.02 | −0.22 * |
Self-reported BMI | 1 | −0.49 ** | −0.30 ** | −0.23 * | −0.30 ** | 0.18 † | −0.02 | −0.19 † | |
Perceived body image | 1 | 0.56 ** | 0.52 ** | 0.50 ** | −0.23 * | −0.05 | 0.10 | ||
Ideal body image | 1 | −0.42 ** | 0.28 ** | −0.06 | −0.11 | 0.01 | |||
PBI-IBI discrepancy | 1 | 0.26 * | −0.20 * | 0.05 | 0.10 | ||||
Body satisfaction | 1 | −0.44 ** | 0.26 ** | 0.44 ** | |||||
Self-stigma | 1 | −0.43 ** | −0.43 ** | ||||||
Positivity | 1 | 0.48 ** | |||||||
Happiness | 1 |
Stand. Beta | Stand. Error | t | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Measured BMI kg/m2 | −0.08 | 0.045 | −0.938 | 0.350 |
Body satisfaction | 0.25 | 0.125 | 2.549 | 0.012 * |
Self-stigma | −0.15 | 0.016 | −1.541 | 0.127 |
Positivity | 0.34 | 0.208 | 3.722 | 0.000 ** |
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Godoy-Izquierdo, D.; González-Hernández, J.; Rodríguez-Tadeo, A.; Lara, R.; Ogallar, A.; Navarrón, E.; Ramírez, M.J.; López-Mora, C.; Arbinaga, F. Body Satisfaction, Weight Stigma, Positivity, and Happiness among Spanish Adults with Overweight and Obesity. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 4186. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124186
Godoy-Izquierdo D, González-Hernández J, Rodríguez-Tadeo A, Lara R, Ogallar A, Navarrón E, Ramírez MJ, López-Mora C, Arbinaga F. Body Satisfaction, Weight Stigma, Positivity, and Happiness among Spanish Adults with Overweight and Obesity. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(12):4186. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124186
Chicago/Turabian StyleGodoy-Izquierdo, Débora, Juan González-Hernández, Alejandra Rodríguez-Tadeo, Raquel Lara, Adelaida Ogallar, Estefanía Navarrón, María J. Ramírez, Clara López-Mora, and Félix Arbinaga. 2020. "Body Satisfaction, Weight Stigma, Positivity, and Happiness among Spanish Adults with Overweight and Obesity" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12: 4186. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124186
APA StyleGodoy-Izquierdo, D., González-Hernández, J., Rodríguez-Tadeo, A., Lara, R., Ogallar, A., Navarrón, E., Ramírez, M. J., López-Mora, C., & Arbinaga, F. (2020). Body Satisfaction, Weight Stigma, Positivity, and Happiness among Spanish Adults with Overweight and Obesity. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(12), 4186. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124186