Body Satisfaction, Weight Stigma, Positivity, and Happiness among Spanish Adults with Overweight and Obesity
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Procedure
2.2. Study Variables and Measures
2.3. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Findings and Comparisons by Sex/Gender and BMI Category
3.2. Interaction Effects of Sex/Gender and BMI Category
3.3. Correlations and Hierarchical Multiple Regression for Predicting SWB
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Total M ± SD | Men M ± SD | Women M ± SD | t p | d | Overweight M ± SD | Obesity M ± SD | t p | d | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 42.03 ± 10.74 | 43.53 ± 11.11 | 41.03 ± 10.46 | −1.139 0.258 | 0.14 | 41.77 ± 11.05 | 42.61 ± 10.16 | −0.362 0.718 | 0.08 |
Measured BMI | 28.8 ± 3.6 | 29.3± 3.2 | 28.4 ± 3.8 | −1.295 0.198 | 0.25 | 26.6 ± 1.2 | 33.5 ± 2.3 | −15.327 ** <0.001 | 4.26 |
Self-reported BMI | 27.3± 3.6 | 28.1 ± 2.9 | 26.7 ± 3.9 | −1.999 * 0.048 | 0.40 | 25.3 ± 2.1 | 31.6 ± 2.1 | −13.895 ** <0.001 | 3.00 |
Perceived body image | −1.8 ± 2.0 | −1.2 ± 2.2 | −2.2 ± 1.7 | −2.443 * 0.017 | 0.52 | −1.1 ± 1.8 | −3.4 ± 1.4 | 6.094 ** <0.001 | 1.36 |
Ideal body image | 0.3 ± 1.8 | 0.9 ± 2.1 | −0.1 ± 1.5 | −2.384 * 0.020 | 0.55 | 0.6 ± 1.7 | −0.4 ± 2.0 | 2.648 ** 0.009 | 0.54 |
PBI-IBI discrepancy | −2.1 ± 1.8 | −2.1 ± 2.2 | −2.2 ± 1.5 | −0.190 0.850 | 0.05 | −1.8 ± 1.6 | −2.9 ± 2.0 | 3.196 ** 0.002 | 0.61 |
Body satisfaction | 4.7 ± 1.4 | 5.2 ± 1.1 | 4.4 ± 1.5 | −2.815 ** 0.006 | 0.61 | 5.0 ± 1.1 | 4.0 ± 1.7 | 3.045 ** 0.004 | 0.70 |
Self-stigma | 24.7 ± 11.4 | 21.8 ± 9.2 | 26.6 ± 12.3 | 2.208 * 0.030 | 0.44 | 23.3 ± 11.1 | 27.7 ± 11.4 | −1.847 † 0.068 | 0.39 |
Positivity | 3.9 ± 0.8 | 3.9 ± 0.8 | 3.9 ± 0.8 | 0.345 0.731 | 0.00 | 3.9 ± 0.8 | 3.8 ± 0.8 | 0.650 0.517 | 0.13 |
Happiness | 7.5 ± 1.8 | 7.5 ± 1.7 | 7.5 ± 1.9 | 0.045 0.964 | 0.00 | 7.8 ± 1.6 | 6.8 ± 2.0 | 2.505 * 0.014 | 0.55 |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Measured BMI | 1 | 0.92 ** | −0.52 ** | −0.30 ** | −0.26 * | −0.38 ** | 0.20 * | −0.02 | −0.22 * |
Self-reported BMI | 1 | −0.49 ** | −0.30 ** | −0.23 * | −0.30 ** | 0.18 † | −0.02 | −0.19 † | |
Perceived body image | 1 | 0.56 ** | 0.52 ** | 0.50 ** | −0.23 * | −0.05 | 0.10 | ||
Ideal body image | 1 | −0.42 ** | 0.28 ** | −0.06 | −0.11 | 0.01 | |||
PBI-IBI discrepancy | 1 | 0.26 * | −0.20 * | 0.05 | 0.10 | ||||
Body satisfaction | 1 | −0.44 ** | 0.26 ** | 0.44 ** | |||||
Self-stigma | 1 | −0.43 ** | −0.43 ** | ||||||
Positivity | 1 | 0.48 ** | |||||||
Happiness | 1 |
Stand. Beta | Stand. Error | t | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Measured BMI kg/m2 | −0.08 | 0.045 | −0.938 | 0.350 |
Body satisfaction | 0.25 | 0.125 | 2.549 | 0.012 * |
Self-stigma | −0.15 | 0.016 | −1.541 | 0.127 |
Positivity | 0.34 | 0.208 | 3.722 | 0.000 ** |
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Godoy-Izquierdo, D.; González-Hernández, J.; Rodríguez-Tadeo, A.; Lara, R.; Ogallar, A.; Navarrón, E.; Ramírez, M.J.; López-Mora, C.; Arbinaga, F. Body Satisfaction, Weight Stigma, Positivity, and Happiness among Spanish Adults with Overweight and Obesity. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 4186. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124186
Godoy-Izquierdo D, González-Hernández J, Rodríguez-Tadeo A, Lara R, Ogallar A, Navarrón E, Ramírez MJ, López-Mora C, Arbinaga F. Body Satisfaction, Weight Stigma, Positivity, and Happiness among Spanish Adults with Overweight and Obesity. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(12):4186. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124186
Chicago/Turabian StyleGodoy-Izquierdo, Débora, Juan González-Hernández, Alejandra Rodríguez-Tadeo, Raquel Lara, Adelaida Ogallar, Estefanía Navarrón, María J. Ramírez, Clara López-Mora, and Félix Arbinaga. 2020. "Body Satisfaction, Weight Stigma, Positivity, and Happiness among Spanish Adults with Overweight and Obesity" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12: 4186. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124186
APA StyleGodoy-Izquierdo, D., González-Hernández, J., Rodríguez-Tadeo, A., Lara, R., Ogallar, A., Navarrón, E., Ramírez, M. J., López-Mora, C., & Arbinaga, F. (2020). Body Satisfaction, Weight Stigma, Positivity, and Happiness among Spanish Adults with Overweight and Obesity. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(12), 4186. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124186