Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health among Armenian Adolescents
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Outcome Measures
2.2. SES Measures
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | n | % a |
---|---|---|
Age in years | ||
11 | 1471 | 40.0 |
13 | 1163 | 31.6 |
15 | 1044 | 28.4 |
Missing | 1 | <0.1 |
Sex | ||
Boys | 1759 | 47.8 |
Girls | 1920 | 52.2 |
Missing | 0 | 0.0 |
Family SEP | ||
High | 2425 | 70.7 |
Low | 1006 | 29.3 |
Missing | 248 | 6.7 |
Material well-being | ||
High | 1631 | 48.5 |
Low | 1732 | 51.5 |
Missing | 316 | 8.6 |
Less than good health | ||
Yes | 544 | 15.4 |
No | 2987 | 84.6 |
Missing | 148 | 4.0 |
Low psychosocial well-being | ||
Yes | 1190 | 35.0 |
No | 2208 | 65.0 |
Missing | 281 | 7.6 |
Psychosomatic symptoms | ||
Yes | 1018 | 35.4 |
No | 1854 | 64.6 |
Missing | 807 | 21.9 |
Factors | Less than Good Health | Low Psychosocial Well-Being | Psychosomatic Symptoms | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | Missing | Yes | No | Missing | Yes | No | Missing | |
Age in years b | |||||||||
11 | 215 (15.3) | 1189 (84.7) | 67 (4.5) | 351 (25.7) | 1015 (74.3) | 105 (7.1) | 325 (31.1) | 720 (68.9) | 426 (30.0) |
13 | 162 (14.3) | 972 (85.7) | 29 (2.5) | 371 (34.2) | 714 (65.8) | 78 (6.7) | 337 (35.4) | 614 (64.6) | 212 (18.2) |
15 | 167 (16.8) | 825 (83.2) | 52 (5.0) | 468 (49.5) | 478 (50.5) | 98 (9.4) | 356 (40.7) | 519 (59.3) | 169 (16.2) |
Sex | |||||||||
Boys | 220 (13.3) | 1429 (86.7) | 110 (6.3) | 536 (33.9) | 1045 (66.1) | 178 (10.1) | 395 (29.8) | 929 (70.2) | 435 (24.7) |
Girls | 324 (17.2) | 1558 (82.8) | 38 (2.0) | 654 (36.0) | 1163 (64.0) | 103 (5.4) | 623 (40.2) | 925 (59.8) | 372 (19.4) |
Family SEP c | |||||||||
High | 254 (10.7) | 2122 (89.3) | 49 (2.0) | 631 (27.5) | 1662 (72.5) | 132 (5.4) | 645 (33.5) | 1281 (66.5) | 499 (20.6) |
Low | 261 (26.6) | 721 (73.4) | 24 (2.4) | 513 (53.4) | 448 (46.6) | 45 (4.5) | 328 (40.0) | 493 (60.0) | 185 (18.4) |
Material well-being d | |||||||||
High | 188 (11.8) | 1407 (88.2) | 36 (2.2) | 437 (28.2) | 1112 (71.8) | 82 (5.0) | 450 (33.8) | 883 (66.2) | 298 (18.3) |
Low | 313 (18.5) | 1381 (81.5) | 38 (2.2) | 684 (41.6) | 960 (58.4) | 88 (5.1) | 510 (37.2) | 862 (62.8) | 360 (20.8) |
Factors | Less than Good Health | Low Psychosocial Well-Being | Psychosomatic Symptoms |
---|---|---|---|
Age in years | |||
11 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
13 | 0.92 (0.69–1.22) | 1.50 (1.07–2.11) | 1.22 (0.94–1.57) |
15 | 1.12 (0.85–1.48) | 2.83 (2.05–3.92) | 1.52 (1.21–1.90) |
Sex | |||
Boys | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Girls | 1.35 (1.11–1.65) | 1.10 (0.94–1.28) | 1.58 (1.33–1.89) |
Family SEP | |||
High | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Low | 3.02 (2.43–3.77) | 3.02 (2.53–3.60) | 1.32 (1.10–1.59) |
Material well-being | |||
High | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Low | 1.70 (1.39–2.08) | 1.81 (1.56–2.11) | 1.16 (0.99–1.37) |
Factors | Less than Good Health | Low Psychosocial Well-Being | Psychosomatic Symptoms | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) a | p-Value | OR (95% CI) b | p-Value | OR (95% CI) c | p-Value | |
Family SEP | ||||||
High | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Low | 2.81 (2.25–3.51) | <0.001 | 1.94 (1.44–2.61) | <0.001 | 1.29 (1.07–1.56) | 0.008 |
Material well-being | ||||||
High | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Low | 1.32 (1.06–1.65) | 0.014 | 1.27 (1.04–1.54) | 0.019 | 1.05 (0.89–1.25) | 0.569 |
Material Well-Being | |||
---|---|---|---|
Family SEP | High OR (95% CI) | Low OR (95% CI) | Low vs. High OR (95% CI) |
High | 1.00 | 1.27 (1.04–1.54) p = 0.019 | 1.27 (1.04–1.54) p = 0.019 |
Low | 1.94 (1.44–2.61) p < 0.001 | 3.73 (3.00–4.63) p < 0.001 | 1.93 (1.40–2.65) p < 0.001 |
Low vs. High | 1.94 (1.44–2.61) p < 0.001 | 2.95 (2.32–3.75) p < 0.001 |
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Torchyan, A.A.; Bosma, H. Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health among Armenian Adolescents. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 4055. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114055
Torchyan AA, Bosma H. Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health among Armenian Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(11):4055. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114055
Chicago/Turabian StyleTorchyan, Armen A., and Hans Bosma. 2020. "Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health among Armenian Adolescents" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11: 4055. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114055