Development of the Hearing Rehabilitation for Older Adults (HeRO) Healthcare Mobile Application and Its Likely Utility for Elderly Users
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Phase 1. Development of E-Health Technology
2.1.1. Hearing Screening Tool in HeRO Application
2.1.2. Training Contents of HeRO Application
2.1.3. Stimuli for Self-Training Tools in HeRO Application
Syllable Trainings Using Consonant–Vowel Combinations
Sentence Trainings under Background Noise and Fast Rate of Speech
Discourse Trainings for Comprehension of Reverberated and Stressed Speech
Working Memory Training Using Digit Span
2.2. Phase 2. Evaluation of E-Health Technology
2.2.1. Participants
2.2.2. Data Collection and Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Phase 1. Development of E-Health Technology
Structure of the HeRO Application
3.2. Phase 2. Evaluation of E-Health Technology
3.2.1. TAM Questionnaire Results
3.2.2. Multiple Regression Model of TAM
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
CAST | computer-aided speechreading training |
CASPERsent | computer-assisted speech perception training at the sentence level |
LACE | listening and communication enhancement |
ARHL | age-related hearing loss |
TAM | technology acceptance model |
PU | perceived usefulness |
PEOU | perceived ease of use |
IU | intention to use |
HeRO | hearing rehabilitation for older adults |
SHSE | self-assessment for hearing screening of the elderly |
CVs | consonant-vowels |
dB | decibel |
SNR | signal-to-noise ratio |
KSPIN | Korean speech perception in noise |
KSA | Korean speech audiometry |
RT | reverberation time |
API | application programming interfaceapplication programming interface. |
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Category | No. | Question | Mean | SD |
---|---|---|---|---|
Perceived Ease Of Use | 1 | I find the HeRO application system cumbersome to use. | 2.98 | 1.27 |
2 | Learning to operate the HeRO application system is easy for me. | 5.55 | 1.62 | |
3 | Interacting with the HeRO application is often frustrating. | 3.30 | 1.21 | |
4 | I find it easy to get the HeRO application system to do what I want it to do. | 5.55 | 1.35 | |
5 | The HeRO application is rigid and inflexible to interact with. | 2.61 | 1.30 | |
6 | It is easy for me to remember how to perform tasks using the HeRO application system. | 5.86 | 1.07 | |
7 | Interacting with the HeRO application requires many mental effort. | 4.00 | 1.18 | |
8 | My interaction with the HeRO application system is clear and understandable. | 5.02 | 1.34 | |
9 | I find it takes many effort to become skillful at using the HeRO application. | 2.86 | 1.27 | |
10 | Overall, I find the HeRO application system easy to use. | 4.98 | 1.21 | |
Perceived Usefulness | 1 | Using the HeRO application improves the quality of my communication. | 5.61 | 1.02 |
2 | Using the HeRO application useful in my life. | 5.61 | 1.08 | |
3 | The HeRO application enables me to communicate more naturally. | 4.82 | 0.79 | |
4 | The HeRO application supports critical aspects of my life. | 4.61 | 0.99 | |
5 | Using the HeRO application increases my productivity. | 4.43 | 0.87 | |
6 | Using the HeRO application improves my communication performance. | 5.09 | 0.96 | |
7 | Using the HeRO application allows me to communicate more than would otherwise be possible. | 5.59 | 1.09 | |
8 | Using the HeRO application enhances my effectiveness in communication. | 5.55 | 1.27 | |
9 | Using the HeRO application makes it easier to communicate. | 5.70 | 1.27 | |
10 | Overall, I find the HeRO application system useful in my life. | 5.66 | 1.24 | |
Intention to Use | 1 | All things considered, my using the HeRO application in my life is good. | 5.66 | 0.75 |
2 | All things considered, my using the HeRO application in my life is wise. | 5.70 | 1.09 | |
3 | All things considered, I think my using the HeRO application in my life is favorable. | 5.84 | 1.01 | |
4 | All things considered, I think my using the HeRO application in my life is beneficial. | 6.00 | 0.89 | |
5 | All things considered, my using the HeRO application in my life is positive. | 5.95 | 0.86 |
Item | Factor Loading | ||
---|---|---|---|
IU | PEOU | PU | |
PEOU 10 | 0.876 | ||
IU 2 | 0.752 | ||
PEOU 2 | 0.745 | ||
IU 5 | 0.744 | ||
PU 9 | 0.694 | ||
PU 1 | 0.669 | ||
PEOU 8 | 0.660 | ||
IU 1 | 0.620 | ||
PEOU 7 | −0.614 | ||
IU 3 | 0.610 | ||
PU 2 | 0.609 | ||
PU 3 | 0.595 | ||
PEOU 1 | 0.833 | ||
PEOU 5 | 0.773 | ||
PEOU 6 | 0.769 | ||
PEOU 4 | 0.628 | ||
PU 8 | 0.611 | ||
PEOU 3 | 0.495 | ||
PU 5 | 0.461 | ||
PU 4 | 0.734 | ||
PU 6 | 0.719 | ||
PEOU 9 | 0.625 | ||
PU 7 | 0.582 | ||
IU 4 | 0.553 | ||
PU 10 | 0.523 | ||
Cronbach’s α | 0.846 | 0.813 | 0.923 |
Factor | Unstandardized Coefficient | Standardized Coefficient | t-Value | Significance |
---|---|---|---|---|
PU | 0.577 | 0.562 | 5.014 | 0.000 |
PEOU | 0.344 | 0.352 | 3.136 | 0.003 |
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Kwak, C.; Kim, S.; You, S.; Han, W. Development of the Hearing Rehabilitation for Older Adults (HeRO) Healthcare Mobile Application and Its Likely Utility for Elderly Users. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 3998. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113998
Kwak C, Kim S, You S, Han W. Development of the Hearing Rehabilitation for Older Adults (HeRO) Healthcare Mobile Application and Its Likely Utility for Elderly Users. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(11):3998. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113998
Chicago/Turabian StyleKwak, Chanbeom, Saea Kim, Sunghwa You, and Woojae Han. 2020. "Development of the Hearing Rehabilitation for Older Adults (HeRO) Healthcare Mobile Application and Its Likely Utility for Elderly Users" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11: 3998. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113998
APA StyleKwak, C., Kim, S., You, S., & Han, W. (2020). Development of the Hearing Rehabilitation for Older Adults (HeRO) Healthcare Mobile Application and Its Likely Utility for Elderly Users. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(11), 3998. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113998