Uterine Fibroids Increase the Risk of Thyroid Cancer
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Data Source
2.2. Sampled Participants
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
List of Abbreviations
References
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Uterine Fibroids | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | ||
(N = 57,066) | (N = 57,066) | ||
Age stratified | 0.34 | ||
≤34 | 10,577 (20.8) | 10,613 (20.9) | |
35–49 | 32,102 (63.2) | 32,237 (69.5) | |
50+ | 8087 (15.9) | 7916 (15.6) | |
Age, mean ± SD a | 41.9 ± 9.40 | 42.2 ± 8.76 | <0.001 |
Monthly insured income (NTD) † | 0.99 | ||
<15,000 | 16,230 (32.0) | 16,223 (32.0) | |
15,000–30,000 | 17,549 (34.6) | 17,538 (34.6) | |
>30,000 | 16,987 (33.5) | 17,005 (33.5) | |
Urbanization level ‡ | |||
1 (highest) | 18,249 (36.0) | 18,215 (35.9) | |
2 | 15,210 (30.0) | 15,202 (30.0) | |
3 | 8434 (16.6) | 8448 (16.6) | |
4 (lowest) | 8873 (17.5) | 8901 (17.5) | |
Occupation category | 0.92 | ||
Office worker | 30,225 (59.6) | 30,196 (59.5) | |
Laborer | 17,096 (33.7) | 17,132 (33.8) | |
Other & | 3415 (6.73) | 3438 (6.77) | |
Comorbidity | |||
Hashimoto’s thyroditis | 95 (0.19) | 94 (0.19) | 0.94 |
Goiter | 3202 (6.31) | 3369 (6.64) | 0.03 |
Hypertension | 6889 (13.6) | 7039 (13.9) | 0.17 |
Diabetes | 797 (1.57) | 873 (1.72) | 0.06 |
Hyperlipidemia | 7006 (13.8) | 7153 (14.1) | 0.18 |
COPD | 2971 (5.85) | 3140 (6.19) | 0.03 |
Alcohol-related illness | 679 (1.34) | 703 (1.38) | 0.52 |
Uterine Fibroids | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | |||||||
Variable | Event | PY | Rate # | Event | PY | Rate # | Crude HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR $ (95% CI) |
All | 89 | 377,567 | 2.36 | 148 | 379,170 | 3.90 | 1.65 (1.27, 2.15) *** | 1.64 (1.26, 2.13) *** |
Age group, years | ||||||||
≤34 | 16 | 75,278 | 2.13 | 19 | 76,688 | 2.48 | 1.16 (0.60, 2.26) | 1.12 (0.58, 2.19) |
35–49 | 60 | 244,733 | 2.45 | 102 | 246,238 | 4.14 | 1.69 (1.23, 2.32) ** | 1.67 (1.22, 2.30) ** |
50+ | 13 | 57,555 | 2.26 | 27 | 56,245 | 4.80 | 2.12 (1.10, 4.12) * | 1.93 (0.99, 3.76) |
Insured monthly income (NTD) † | ||||||||
<15,000 | 25 | 107,172 | 2.33 | 30 | 107,592 | 2.79 | 1.19 (0.70, 2.03) | 1.18 (0.69, 2.01) |
15,000–30,000 | 28 | 135,197 | 2.07 | 52 | 136,471 | 3.81 | 1.84 (1.16, 2.91) ** | 1.81 (1.15, 2.87) * |
>30,000 | 36 | 135,197 | 2.66 | 66 | 135,108 | 4.88 | 1.83 (1.22, 2.75) ** | 1.82 (1.21, 2.73) ** |
Urbanization level ‡ | ||||||||
1 (highest) | 32 | 137,981 | 2.32 | 51 | 138,141 | 3.69 | 1.59 (1.02, 2.48) * | 1.59 (1.02, 2.47) * |
2 | 30 | 113,164 | 2.65 | 49 | 113,672 | 4.31 | 1.62 (1.03, 2.56) * | 1.60 (1.01, 2.51) * |
3 | 16 | 61,871 | 2.59 | 15 | 62,703 | 2.39 | 0.92 (0.46, 1.87) | 0.91 (0.45, 1.84) |
4 (lowest) | 11 | 64,551 | 2.59 | 33 | 64,653 | 5.10 | 3.00 (1.52, 5.93) ** | 2.96 (1.49, 5.85) ** |
Occupation category | ||||||||
Office worker | 54 | 223,429 | 2.42 | 80 | 224,066 | 3.57 | 1.48 (1.05, 2.08) * | 1.46 (1.04, 2.06) * |
Laborer | 30 | 130,080 | 2.31 | 58 | 130,767 | 4.44 | 1.92 (1.24, 2.99) ** | 1.90 (1.22, 2.95) ** |
Other & | 5 | 24,058 | 2.08 | 10 | 24,337 | 4.11 | 1.98 (0.68, 5.78) | 1.94 (0.66, 5.68) |
Comorbidity | ||||||||
No | 52 | 266,441 | 1.95 | 84 | 266,508 | 3.15 | 1.61 (1.14, 2.28) ** | 1.61 (1.14, 2.27) ** |
Yes | 37 | 111,126 | 3.33 | 64 | 112,662 | 5.68 | 1.71 (1.14, 2.56) ** | 1.70 (1.14, 2.55) * |
Follow-up period | ||||||||
<1 year | 10 | 50,599 | 1.98 | 21 | 50,618 | 4.15 | 2.10 (0.99, 4.46) | 2.04 (0.96, 4.33) |
1–5 years | 33 | 169,545 | 1.95 | 62 | 169,907 | 3.65 | 1.87 (1.23, 2.86) ** | 1.84 (1.21, 2.81) ** |
≧5 years | 46 | 157,423 | 2.92 | 65 | 158,645 | 4.10 | 1.40 (0.96, 2.04) | 1.40 (0.96, 2.04) |
Variable | Event | PY | Rate # | Adjusted HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR † (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control patients | 89 | 377,567 | 2.36 | 1.00 | |
Uterine fibroids patients | |||||
Myomectomy | |||||
No | 106 | 275,774 | 3.84 | 1.61 (1.21, 2.13) ** | 1.00 |
Yes | 42 | 103,397 | 4.06 | 1.71 (1.19, 2.47) ** | 1.06 (0.74, 1.52) |
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Sun, L.-M.; Chung, L.-M.; Lin, C.-L.; Kao, C.-H. Uterine Fibroids Increase the Risk of Thyroid Cancer. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 3821. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113821
Sun L-M, Chung L-M, Lin C-L, Kao C-H. Uterine Fibroids Increase the Risk of Thyroid Cancer. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(11):3821. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113821
Chicago/Turabian StyleSun, Li-Min, Li-Min Chung, Cheng-Li Lin, and Chia-Hung Kao. 2020. "Uterine Fibroids Increase the Risk of Thyroid Cancer" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11: 3821. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113821
APA StyleSun, L.-M., Chung, L.-M., Lin, C.-L., & Kao, C.-H. (2020). Uterine Fibroids Increase the Risk of Thyroid Cancer. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(11), 3821. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113821