Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms in the Elderly Population Diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Depression; Number (Proportion) | Total Number of Patients | p-Value (Chi-Square Test) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
None | Mild | Severe | |||
education | |||||
primary | 9 (6.7%) | 7 (15.5%) | 3 (14.2%) | 19 (9.5%) | 0.521 |
vocational | 61 (45.5%) | 22 (48.8%) | 10 (47.6%) | 93 (46.5%) | |
secondary | 50 (37.3%) | 12 (26.6%) | 7 (33.3%) | 69 (34.5%) | |
tertiary | 14 (10.4%) | 4 (8.8%) | 1 (4.7%) | 19 (9.5%) | |
marital status | |||||
single | 3 (2.2%) | 3 (6.6%) | 3 (14.2%) | 9 (4.5%) | <0.001 |
married | 112 (83.5%) | 31 (68.8%) | 8 (38.0%) | 151 (75.5%) | |
divorced | 3 (2.2%) | 5 (11.1%) | 2 (9.5%) | 10 (5.0%) | |
widowed | 16 (11.9%) | 6 (13.3%) | 8 (38.0%) | 30 (15.0%) | |
gender | |||||
women | 73 (54.4%) | 33 (73.3%) | 16 (76.1%) | 122 (61.0%) | 0.026 |
men | 61 (45.5%) | 12 (26.6%) | 5 (23.8%) | 78 (39.0%) |
Variable | Depression; Number (Proportion) | Total Number of Patients | p-Value (Chi-Square Test) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
None | Mild | Severe | |||
BMI | |||||
<25 | 26 (19.4%) | 4 (8.8) | 0 (0.0%) | 30 (15.0%) | <0.001 |
≥25 & <30 | 65 (48.5%) | 11 (24.4%) | 5 (23.8%) | 81 (40.5%) | |
≥30 & <35 | 30 (22.3%) | 12 (26.6%) | 10 (47.6%) | 52 (26.0%) | |
≥35 & <40 | 11 (8.2%) | 13 (28.8%) | 6 (28.5%) | 30 (15.0%) | |
≥40 | 2 (1.4%) | 5 (11.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 7 (3.5%) | |
HBA1C LEVEL | |||||
<7% | 46 (34.3%) | 13 (28.8%) | 3 (14.2%) | 62 (31.0%) | 0.246 |
≥7% & <8% | 37 (27.6%) | 9 (20.0%) | 4 (19.0%) | 50 (25.0%) | |
≥8% & <10% | 38 (28.3%) | 18 (40.0%) | 10 (47.6%) | 66 (33.0%) | |
≥10% | 13 (9.7%) | 5 (11.1%) | 4 (19.0%) | 22 (11.0%) | |
duration of diabetes (years) | |||||
up to 5 | 11 (8.2%) | 1 (2.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 12 (6.0%) | 0.007 |
6–10 | 72 (53.7%) | 15 (33.3%) | 5 (23.8%) | 92 (46.0%) | |
11–15 | 32 (23.8%) | 18 (40.0%) | 10 (47.6%) | 60 (30.0%) | |
16–20 | 18 (13.4%) | 8 (17.7%) | 5 (23.8%) | 31 (15.5%) | |
over 20 | 1 (0.7%) | 3 (6.6%) | 1 (4.7%) | 5 (2.5%) | |
diabetes treatment | |||||
insulin | 54 (40.3%) | 13 (28.9%) | 7 (33.3%) | 74 (37.0%) | 0.021 |
insulin + tablets | 50 (37.3%) | 25 (55.6%) | 14 (66.7%) | 89 (44.5%) | |
tablets | 30 (22.4%) | 7 (15.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 37 (18.5%) |
Variable | Depression (Mean, Standard Deviation) | p-Value (Kruskal-Wallis Test) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
None | Mild | Severe | Total Number of Patients | ||
duration of diabetes (years) | 10.2 (4.3) | 12.7 (4.0) | 13.6(4.0) | 11.1 (4.3) | <0.001 |
duration of diabetes | difference of means | standard deviation | 95% CI | ||
no depression vs. mild | 2.50 | 0.70 | 0.85 | 4.16 | |
no depression vs. severe | 3.41 | 0.95 | 1.16 | 5.66 | |
mild vs. severe | 0.91 | 1.07 | -1.63 | 3.44 |
Variable | Depression; Number (Proportion) | Total Number of Patients | p-Value (Chi-Square Test) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
None | Mild | Severe | |||
number of comorbidities | |||||
0 | 65 (48.5%) | 3 (6.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 68 (34.0%) | <0.001 |
at least 1 | 69 (51.4%) | 42 (93.3%) | 21 (100.0%) | 132 (66.0%) | |
arterial hypertension | |||||
no | 71 (52.9%) | 7 (15.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 78 (39.0%) | <0.001 |
yes | 63 (47.0%) | 38 (84.4%) | 21 (100.0%) | 122 (61.0%) | |
ischaemic heart disease | |||||
no | 94 (70.1%) | 12 (26.6%) | 1 (4.7%) | 107 (53.5%) | <0.001 |
yes | 40 (29.8%) | 33 (73.3%) | 20 (95.2%) | 93 (46.5%) | |
history of myocardial infarction | |||||
no | 113 (84.3%) | 32 (71.1%) | 7 (33.3%) | 152 (76.0%) | <0.001 |
yes | 21 (15.6%) | 13 (28.8%) | 14 (66.6%) | 48 (24.0%) | |
history of cerebral stroke | |||||
no | 123 (91.7%) | 39 (86.6%) | 17 (80.9%) | 179 (89.5%) | 0.251 |
yes | 11 (8.2%) | 6 (13.3%) | 4 (19.0%) | 21 (10.5%) | |
heart failure | |||||
no | 128 (95.5%) | 39 (86.6%) | 9 (42.8%) | 176 (88.0%) | <0.001 |
yes | 6 (4.4%) | 6 (13.3%) | 12 (57.1%) | 24 (12.0%) | |
chronic kidney disease | |||||
no | 128 (95.5%) | 36 (80.0%) | 7 (33.3%) | 171 (85.5%) | <0.001 |
yes | 6 (4.4%) | 9 (20.0%) | 14 (66.6%) | 29 (14.5%) | |
diabetic retinopathy | |||||
no | 119 (88.8%) | 26 (57.7%) | 4 (19.0%) | 149 (74.5%) | <0.001 |
yes | 15 (11.1%) | 19 (42.2%) | 17 (80.9%) | 51 (25.5%) | |
diabetic foot syndrome | |||||
no | 128 (95.5%) | 38 (84.4%) | 18 (85.7%) | 184 (92.0%) | 0.032 |
yes | 6 (4.4%) | 7 (15.5%) | 3 (14.2%) | 16 (8.0%) |
Variable | Nondepression Patients | Mild and Severe Depression Patients | Multivariate Logistic Analysis | Univariate Logistic Analysis | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | OR | 95% CI | p-Value | OR | 95% CI | p-Value | |||
gender | ||||||||||||
women | 73 | 54.5% | 49 | 74.2% | 1.00 | |||||||
men | 61 | 45.5% | 17 | 25.8% | 0.52 | 0.25 | 1.08 | 0.079 | 0.42 | 0.22 | 0.79 | 0.008 |
comorbidities | ||||||||||||
none | 65 | 48.5% | 3 | 4.5% | 1.00 | |||||||
at least 1 | 69 | 51.5% | 63 | 95.5% | 18.38 | 5.02 | 67.21 | <0.001 | 19.78 | 5.92 | 66.13 | <0.001 |
BMI | ||||||||||||
<25 | 26 | 19.4% | 4 | 6.1% | 1.00 | |||||||
≥25 | 108 | 80.6% | 62 | 93.9% | 0.97 | 0.25 | 3.81 | 0.970 | 3.73 | 1.24 | 11.19 | 0.019 |
HBA1C level | ||||||||||||
<7% | 46 | 34.3% | 16 | 24.2% | 1.00 | |||||||
≥7% & <10% | 75 | 56.0% | 41 | 62.1% | 1.87 | 0.87 | 3.99 | 0.107 | 1.57 | 0.79 | 3.12 | 0.195 |
≥10% | 13 | 9.7% | 9 | 13.6% | 2.12 | 0.68 | 6.68 | 0.197 | 1.99 | 0.72 | 5.53 | 0.187 |
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Dziedzic, B.; Sienkiewicz, Z.; Leńczuk-Gruba, A.; Kobos, E.; Fidecki, W.; Wysokiski, M. Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms in the Elderly Population Diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 3553. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103553
Dziedzic B, Sienkiewicz Z, Leńczuk-Gruba A, Kobos E, Fidecki W, Wysokiski M. Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms in the Elderly Population Diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(10):3553. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103553
Chicago/Turabian StyleDziedzic, Beata, Zofia Sienkiewicz, Anna Leńczuk-Gruba, Ewa Kobos, Wiesław Fidecki, and Mariusz Wysokiski. 2020. "Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms in the Elderly Population Diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 10: 3553. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103553