Paternal and Maternal Variables Related to Depression in Childhood
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Instruments
- Support, social and emotional, received by a mother or a father.
- Satisfaction with parenting: satisfaction obtained by a parent through parenthood.
- Involvement: level of interaction and parental knowledge about their child.
- Communication: perception regarding the effectiveness of communication with their child.
- Limit setting: level of exigency in obedience of rules.
- Autonomy: ability to give the child independence.
- Role orientation: attitudes about the role played by each gender in parenting.
2.3. Procedure
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
- Z = linear combination of variables.
- B0 = estimated coefficient of the constant regression.
- B1 = estimated coefficient for variable 1.
- X1 = subject’s score for variable 1.
- b1 = probability of belonging to the risk group.
- e = base of natural logarithms (2.718).
- X1 = father’s score for support.
- X2 = father’s score for satisfaction with parenting.
- X3 = father’s score for communication.
- X4 = father’s score for autonomy.
- X5 = mother’s score for involvement.
- X6 = mother’s score for limit setting.
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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VARIABLES | High Risk | SD | Low Risk | SD | F | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fathers | Support | 23.86 | 3.355 | 28.27 | 3.212 | 63.233 ** |
Satisfaction | 33.61 | 4.572 | 38.04 | 2.306 | 52.351 ** | |
Involvement | 43.06 | 3.698 | 47.14 | 3.372 | 46.650 ** | |
Communication | 28.03 | 2.944 | 30.86 | 3.245 | 29.176 ** | |
Limit setting | 30.57 | 4.179 | 36.07 | 4.642 | 54.279 ** | |
Autonomy | 24.40 | 3.038 | 28.10 | 2.783 | 56.462 ** | |
Role orientation | 27.99 | 3.241 | 30.46 | 3.877 | 16.740 ** | |
Mothers | Support | 21.97 | 3.353 | 27.36 | 3.799 | 79.062 ** |
Satisfaction | 33.34 | 5.021 | 38.11 | 2.171 | 53.254 ** | |
Involvement | 43.30 | 4.077 | 48.06 | 2.853 | 63.978 ** | |
Communication | 28.77 | 3.576 | 31.39 | 2.901 | 22.565 ** | |
Limit setting | 28.83 | 4.310 | 35.94 | 4.671 | 87.692 ** | |
Autonomy | 24.30 | 3.364 | 27.96 | 3.127 | 44.381 ** | |
Role orientation | 27.53 | 3.087 | 30.81 | 3.883 | 30.709 ** |
VARIABLES | B | Standard Error | Wald | Degree of Freedom | p | Exp (B) | 95% Confidence Interval Exp (B) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower | Higher | |||||||
Father’s support | −0.286 | 0.103 | 7.804 | 1 | 0.005 | 0.751 | 0.614 | 0.918 |
Father’s satisfaction | −0.171 | 0.119 | 2.060 | 1 | 0.151 | 0.843 | 0.667 | 1.064 |
Father’s communication | −0.182 | 0.110 | 2.749 | 1 | 0.097 | 0.834 | 0.672 | 1.034 |
Father’s autonomy | −0.223 | 0.125 | 3.165 | 1 | 0.075 | 0.800 | 0.626 | 1.023 |
Mother’s involvement | −0.278 | 0.107 | 6.791 | 1 | 0.009 | 0.758 | 0.615 | 0.934 |
Mother’s limit setting | −0.251 | 0.077 | 10.691 | 1 | 0.001 | 0.778 | 0.670 | 0.904 |
Constant | 45.780 | 8.400 | 29.704 | 1 | 0.000 | 7.620E19 |
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Raya Trenas, A.; Aguilar Yamuza, B.; Herruzo Cabrera, J.; Pino Osuna, M.J. Paternal and Maternal Variables Related to Depression in Childhood. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 275. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010275
Raya Trenas A, Aguilar Yamuza B, Herruzo Cabrera J, Pino Osuna MJ. Paternal and Maternal Variables Related to Depression in Childhood. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(1):275. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010275
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaya Trenas, Antonio, Beatriz Aguilar Yamuza, Javier Herruzo Cabrera, and María J. Pino Osuna. 2020. "Paternal and Maternal Variables Related to Depression in Childhood" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 1: 275. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010275