Weight Perception, Weight Control Intentions, and Dietary Intakes among Adolescents Ages 10–15 Years in the United States
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Measured and Perceived Weight Status and Weight Control Intentions
2.2. Dietary Intakes
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
NHANES | National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys |
BMI | body mass index |
References
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Characteristic | Boys | Girls | p-Value a |
---|---|---|---|
n = 2493 | n = 2447 | ||
% | % | ||
Race/Ethnicity | 0.41 | ||
Non-Hispanic White | 58 | 58 | |
Non-Hispanic Black | 13 | 15 | |
Mexican | 14 | 15 | |
Other | 14 | 13 | |
Household Poverty Income Ratio | 0.18 | ||
Low (<130%) | 27 | 31 | |
Medium (130–349%) | 36 | 35 | |
High (>=350%) | 37 | 34 | |
Measured WeightBMI Status | |||
Normal Weight (5th–85th percentile) | 59 | 59 | 0.99 |
Overweight (85th ≤ 95th percentile) | 19 | 19 | |
Obese (≥95th percentile) | 22 | 22 | |
Mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | p-Value b | |
Daily Dietary Intakes | |||
Calories, Kilocalories | 2191.61 (26.65) | 1803.5 (18.3) | <0.001 |
Percent Calories from Carbohydrates, % | 53.0 (0.27) | 53.2 (0.27) | 0.45 |
Percent Calories from Fat, % | 33.0 (0.22) | 33.3 (0.20) | 0.16 |
Percent Calories from Saturated Fat, % | 11.6 (0.08) | 11.4 (0.09) | 0.10 |
Percent Calories from Protein, % | 15.1 (0.10) | 14.6 (0.14) | 0.004 |
Sugar, in grams | 138.5 (2.7) | 111.8 (1.5) | <0.001 |
Fiber, in grams | 14.9 (0.24) | 12.9 (0.16) | <0.001 |
Categories | Measured Weight Status | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
All | Normal | Overweight | Obese | |
% | % | % | % b | |
Boys | ||||
Weight Status Perception | ||||
About Right | 76 | 87 | 80 | 43 |
Too Thin | 7 | 12 | 0.4 | 1 |
Overweight | 17 | 1 | 19 | 56 |
Trying to Do Anything About Weight | ||||
Stay the Same Weight | 55 | 66 | 54 | 24 |
Lose Weight | 30 | 9 | 44 | 75 |
Gain Weight | 15 | 25 | 2 | 1 |
Tried to Lose Weight in Previous Year | ||||
Never | 54 | 75 | 35 | 14 |
Sometimes | 35 | 21 | 51 | 59 |
A Lot | 10 | 3 | 14 | 26 |
Girls | ||||
Weight Status Perception | ||||
About Right | 71 | 86 | 73 | 31 |
Too Thin | 5 | 8 | 0.4 | 1 |
Overweight | 23 | 6 | 27 | 68 |
Trying to Do Anything About Weight | ||||
Stay the Same Weight | 54 | 71 | 43 | 16 |
Lose Weight | 41 | 21 | 57 | 84 |
Gain Weight | 5 | 8 | 0.3 | 0 |
Tried to Lose Weight in Previous Year | ||||
Never | 41 | 57 | 28 | 8 |
Sometimes | 47 | 37 | 59 | 64 |
A Lot | 12 | 5 | 12 | 28 |
Calories | Percent Calories from Carbohydrate | Percent Calories from Protein | Percent Calories from Fat | Percent Calories from Saturated Fat | Sugar | Fiber | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | kcal | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | grams | 95% CI | grams | 95% CI | |
Weight Status Perception among Normal Weight | |||||||||||||||
About Right | 1201 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||
Too Thin | 201 | 153.82 | −37.28, 344.93 | −0.99 | −2.77, 0.79 | −0.04 | −0.75, 0.67 | 0.82 | −0.73, 2.37 | 0.57 | −0.18, 1.32 | 1.30 | −10.72, 13.31 | −0.98 | −2.32, 0.37 |
Overweight | 31 | 32.41 | −318.13, 382.95 | 0.24 | −3.15, 3.63 | 0.30 | −1.11, 1.70 | −0.45 | −3.97, 3.08 | 0.19 | −0.96, 1.33 | −6.33 | −23.07, 10.41 | −0.13 | −2.37, 2.10 |
Weight Status Perception among Overweight/Obese | |||||||||||||||
About Right | 632 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||
Too Thin | 11 | −14.00 | −480.29, 452.30 | 6.92 | −2.68, 16.53 | −0.83 | −2.80, 1.15 | −5.22 | −14.48, 4.05 | −0.93 | −4.32, 2.47 | 10.81 | −12.06, 33.68 | 0.16 | −3.45, 3.77 |
Overweight | 417 | 60.36 | −83.00, 204.72 | −1.63 | −3.52, 0.26 | 1.01 | 0.16, 1.87 b | 0.39 | −0.99, 1.78 | 0.35 | −0.35, 1.04 | −13.65 | −23.06, −4.23 b | −0.58 | −1.60, 0.43 |
Trying to Do Anything About Weight | |||||||||||||||
Stay the Same | 1237 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||
Lose Weight | 855 | −110.62 | −228.55, 7.30 | 0.26 | −0.95, 1.48 | 0.41 | −0.26, 1.07 | −0.68 | −1.52, 0.16 | −0.42 | −0.52, 0.43 | −2.47 | −8.18, 3.25 | −0.29 | −1.10, 0.51 |
Gain Weight | 399 | 231.89 | 102.51, 361.28 b | 0.68 | −0.99, 2.34 | −0.67 | −1.33, −0.01 b | 0.02 | −1.30, 1.33 | 0.17 | −0.42, 0.76 | 8.25 | −3.01, 19.51 | −0.56 | −1.57, 0.45 |
Tried to Lose Weight in Previous Year | |||||||||||||||
Never | 1273 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||
Sometimes | 937 | −117.65 | −226.07, −9.23 b | −0.31 | −1.37, 0.75 | 0.64 | 0.11, 1.18 b | −0.29 | −1.15, 0.57 | −0.05 | −0.45, 0.44 | −0.31 | −5.99, 5.36 | 0.32 | −0.63, 1.28 |
A Lot | 281 | −188.34 | −357.67, −19.01 b | −0.03 | −1.91, 1.84 | 1.48 | 0.41, 2.55 b | −1.41 | −2.80, −0.02 b | −0.04 | −0.73, 0.64 | −2.65 | −10.45, 5.15 | −0.13 | −1.48, 1.22 |
Categories | Calories | Percent Calories from Carbohydrate | Percent Calories from Protein | Percent Calories from Fat | Percent Calories from Saturated Fat | Sugar | Fiber | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | kcal | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | grams | 95% CI | grams | 95% CI | |
Weight Status Perception among Normal Weight | |||||||||||||||
About Right | 1187 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||
Too Thin | 117 | 2.02 | −188.99, 193.04 | −0.44 | −3.04, 2.16 | 0.20 | −0.81, 1.21 | 0.10 | −2.07, 2.27 | 0.20 | −0.72, 1.12 | −5.79 | −16.04, 4.46 | 0.16 | −1.06, 1.38 |
Overweight | 71 | −39.93 | −377.28, 297.42 | 0.22 | −2.70, 3.14 | 0.95 | −1.04, 2.94 | −1.50 | −3.31, 0.31 | −1.04 | −2.24,−0.17 b | −2.49 | −14.20, 9.22 | −0.29 | −1.92, 1.34 |
Weight Status Perception among Overweight/Obese c | |||||||||||||||
About Right | 524 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||
Overweight | 542 | −90.92 | −242.58, 63.74 | −0.45 | −2.54, 1.64 | −0.05 | −0.96, 0.86 | 0.26 | −1.33, 1.85 | −0.46 | −1.14, 0.23 | −0.71 | −8.20, 6.78 | 0.42 | −0.65, 1.49 |
Trying to Do Anything About Weight | |||||||||||||||
Stay the Same | 1235 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||
Lose Weight | 1079 | −56.86 | −157.24, 43.51 | −0.47 | −1.77, 0.83 | −0.06 | −0.60, 0.48 | 0.37 | −0.64, 1.38 | −0.24 | −0.70, 0.23 | −2.41 | −7.81, 2.99 | −0.13 | −0.77, 0.51 |
Gain Weight | 133 | 9.25 | −166.06, 184.56 | 0.05 | −2.78, 2.88 | −0.33 | −1.14, 0.49 | 0.23 | −2.26, 2.72 | 0.04 | −0.91, 0.99 | −3.80 | −16.13, 8.54 | −0.50 | −1.65, 0.65 |
Tried to Lose Weight in Previous Year | |||||||||||||||
Never | 1023 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||
Sometimes | 1146 | −5.93 | −107.06, 95.20 | 0.02 | −1.40, 1.44 | −0.48 | −1.06, 0.09 | 0.51 | −0.52, 1.54 | 0.06 | −0.39, 0.51 | 0.30 | −4.86, 5.47 | 0.10 | −0.53, 0.72 |
A Lot | 277 | −18.21 | −132.72, 96.29 | 0.64 | −1.37, 2.64 | 0.08 | −1.03, 1.20 | −0.70 | −2.28, 0.87 | −0.49 | −1.21, 0.23 | 1.12 | −6.41, 8.65 | 0.25 | −0.55, 1.05 |
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Deierlein, A.L.; Malkan, A.; Litvak, J.; Parekh, N. Weight Perception, Weight Control Intentions, and Dietary Intakes among Adolescents Ages 10–15 Years in the United States. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 990. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16060990
Deierlein AL, Malkan A, Litvak J, Parekh N. Weight Perception, Weight Control Intentions, and Dietary Intakes among Adolescents Ages 10–15 Years in the United States. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(6):990. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16060990
Chicago/Turabian StyleDeierlein, Andrea L., Alomi Malkan, Jaqueline Litvak, and Niyati Parekh. 2019. "Weight Perception, Weight Control Intentions, and Dietary Intakes among Adolescents Ages 10–15 Years in the United States" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 6: 990. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16060990