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Volume 16
Issue 23
10.3390/ijerph16234652
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Review

Relationship Between Early Childhood Non-Parental Childcare and Diet, Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Sleep: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies

by
Silvia Costa
1,2,*,
Sara E. Benjamin-Neelon
1,3,
Eleanor Winpenny
1,
Veronica Phillips
4 and
Jean Adams
1
1
UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research, MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
2
School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
3
Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
4
Medical Library, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SP, UK
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(23), 4652; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234652
Submission received: 5 September 2019 / Revised: 5 November 2019 / Accepted: 7 November 2019 / Published: 22 November 2019
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Abstract

The rising prevalence of childhood obesity is a global public health concern. Evidence suggests that exposure to non-parental childcare before age six years is associated with development of obesity, diet, and activity behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep). However, findings are inconsistent and mostly from cross-sectional studies, making it difficult to identify the direction of causation in associations. This review identified and synthesised the published research on longitudinal associations between non-parental childcare during early childhood, diet, and activity behaviours. Seven databases were searched, and results were independently double-screened through title/abstract and full-text stages. Included studies were evaluated for risk of bias. Of the 18,793 references screened, 13 met eligibility criteria and were included in the review. These presented results on 89 tested childcare/outcome associations, 63 testing diet outcomes (59% null, remainder mixed), and 26 testing activity behaviour outcomes (85% null, remainder mixed). The scarce available literature indicates little and mixed evidence of a longitudinal association. This reflects a paucity of research, rather than clear evidence of no effect. There is an urgent need for studies investigating the longitudinal associations of non-parental childcare on diet and activity behaviours to assess potential lasting effects and mechanisms; whether and how effects vary by provider; and differences by intensity, duration, and population sub-groups.
Keywords: early childhood; early care and education; dietary behaviours; activity behaviours; obesity risk factors early childhood; early care and education; dietary behaviours; activity behaviours; obesity risk factors

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MDPI and ACS Style

Costa, S.; Benjamin-Neelon, S.E.; Winpenny, E.; Phillips, V.; Adams, J. Relationship Between Early Childhood Non-Parental Childcare and Diet, Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Sleep: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 4652. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234652

AMA Style

Costa S, Benjamin-Neelon SE, Winpenny E, Phillips V, Adams J. Relationship Between Early Childhood Non-Parental Childcare and Diet, Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Sleep: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(23):4652. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234652

Chicago/Turabian Style

Costa, Silvia, Sara E. Benjamin-Neelon, Eleanor Winpenny, Veronica Phillips, and Jean Adams. 2019. "Relationship Between Early Childhood Non-Parental Childcare and Diet, Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Sleep: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 23: 4652. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234652

APA Style

Costa, S., Benjamin-Neelon, S. E., Winpenny, E., Phillips, V., & Adams, J. (2019). Relationship Between Early Childhood Non-Parental Childcare and Diet, Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Sleep: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(23), 4652. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234652

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