How Stress Hinders Health among Chinese Public Sector Employees: The Mediating Role of Emotional Exhaustion and the Moderating Role of Perceived Organizational Support
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Background and Hypotheses Development
2.1. Work Stress among Public Sector Employees
2.2. Hindrance Stressors, Emotional Exhaustion, and Health
2.3. The Moderating Role of POS
3. Methods
3.1. Sample and Procedures
3.2. Measures
3.2.1. Hindrance Stressors
3.2.2. Emotional Exhaustion
3.2.3. POS
3.2.4. Physical and Mental Health
3.2.5. Control Variables
3.3. Analytical Techniques
4. Results
4.1. Measurement Model
4.2. Descriptive Statistics and Correlations
4.3. Hypothesis Testing
5. Discussion
5.1. Theoretical Implications
5.2. Practical Implications
5.3. Limitations and Future Research
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Model | χ2 | df | χ2/df | Δχ2(Δdf) | RMSEA | SRMR | CFI | TLI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Three-factor model | 212.35 | 87 | 2.44 | --- | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.96 | 0.96 |
Two-factor model 1 1 | 693.38 | 89 | 7.79 | 481.03 (2) *** | 0.13 | 0.16 | 0.82 | 0.79 |
Two-factor model 2 2 | 480.16 | 89 | 5.40 | 267.81 (2) *** | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.88 | 0.86 |
Two-factor model 3 3 | 1276.19 | 89 | 14.34 | 1063.84 (2) *** | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.65 | 0.59 |
One-factor model 4 | 1515.34 | 90 | 16.84 | 1302.99 (3) *** | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.59 | 0.51 |
Mean | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Gender | 0.40 | 0.49 | ||||||||
2. Age | 30.29 | 4.49 | 0.12 * | |||||||
3. Organizational Tenure | 5.22 | 3.89 | 0.08 | 0.70 ** | ||||||
4. Hindrance Stressors | 2.56 | 0.79 | 0.12 * | 0.01 | 0.05 | (0.78) | ||||
5. Emotional Exhaustion | 2.15 | 1.20 | 0.00 | −0.14 ** | −0.06 | 0.52 ** | (0.92) | |||
6. POS | 4.11 | 1.29 | −0.11 * | 0.09 | 0.06 | −0.33 ** | −0.29 ** | (0.90) | ||
7. Physical Health | 51.66 | 7.45 | 0.02 | −0.16 ** | −0.21 ** | −0.11 * | −0.18 ** | 0.11 * | (0.72) | |
8. Mental Health | 44.08 | 9.66 | −0.03 | 0.16 ** | 0.11 * | −0.37 ** | −0.50 ** | 0.30 ** | −0.04 | (0.76) |
Variables | Emotional Exhaustion | Physical Health | Mental Health | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | Model 6 | Model 7 | Model 8 | Model 9 | Model 10 | |
Step 1: Control variables | ||||||||||
Gender | 0.02 | −0.05 | −0.06 | −0.06 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.04 | −0.05 | −0.01 | −0.03 |
Age | −0.20 ** | −0.16 ** | −0.15 * | −0.15 * | −0.02 | −0.03 | −0.06 | 0.17 * | 0.14 * | 0.08 |
Organizational Tenure | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.04 | −0.20 ** | −0.20 ** | −0.19 ** | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.05 |
Step 2: Main effect | ||||||||||
Hindrance Stressors | 0.53 *** | 0.49 *** | 0.46 *** | −0.11 ** | −0.01 | −0.38 *** | −0.16 ** | |||
Step 3: Mediating effect | ||||||||||
Emotional Exhaustion | −0.20 ** | −0.40 *** | ||||||||
Step 4: Moderating effect | ||||||||||
POS | −0.12 ** | −0.12 ** | ||||||||
Hindrance Stressors × POS | −0.10 * | |||||||||
Overall F | 3.084 * | 41.29 *** | 35.03 *** | 30.51 *** | 6.62 *** | 6.19 *** | 7.32 *** | 3.87 ** | 19.60 *** | 30.80 *** |
R2 | 0.02 | 0.29 | 0.31 | 0.32 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.16 | 0.28 |
ΔF | 152.42 *** | 7.37 ** | 5.78 * | 4.72 ** | 11.20 ** | 64.94 *** | 63.33 *** | |||
ΔR2 | 0.27 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.14 | 0.12 |
Physical Health | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
POS | Conditional Indirect Effect | SE | LL 95% CI | UL 95% CI | |
Hindrance Stressors | Low (−1.293) | −0.987 | 0.338 | −1.713 | −0.389 |
High (1.293) | −0.688 | 0.272 | −1.323 | −0.232 | |
Mental Health | |||||
POS | Conditional Indirect Effect | SE | LL 95% CI | UL 95% CI | |
Hindrance Stressors | Low (−1.293) | −2.700 | 0.483 | −3.723 | −1.832 |
High (1.293) | −1.881 | 0.413 | −2.760 | −1.146 |
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Bao, Y.; Zhong, W. How Stress Hinders Health among Chinese Public Sector Employees: The Mediating Role of Emotional Exhaustion and the Moderating Role of Perceived Organizational Support. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 4408. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224408
Bao Y, Zhong W. How Stress Hinders Health among Chinese Public Sector Employees: The Mediating Role of Emotional Exhaustion and the Moderating Role of Perceived Organizational Support. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(22):4408. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224408
Chicago/Turabian StyleBao, Yuanjie, and Wei Zhong. 2019. "How Stress Hinders Health among Chinese Public Sector Employees: The Mediating Role of Emotional Exhaustion and the Moderating Role of Perceived Organizational Support" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 22: 4408. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224408