Diet Education as a Success Factor of Glycemia Regulation in Diabetes Patients: A Prospective Study
by
Zvjezdana Gvozdanović 1,2,3, Nikolina Farčić 2,3,4,*
, Harolt Placento 1,2,3, Robert Lovrić 3, Željka Dujmić 3,5, Ana Jurić 1, Blaženka Miškić 5 and Nada Prlić 3
Zvjezdana Gvozdanović 1,2,3, Nikolina Farčić 2,3,4,*, Harolt Placento 1,2,3, Robert Lovrić 3, Željka Dujmić 3,5, Ana Jurić 1, Blaženka Miškić 5 and Nada Prlić 3
1
General Hospital Našice, Našice 31 500, Croatia
2
Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31 000, Croatia
3
Nursing Institute “Professor Radivoje Radić”, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31 000, Croatia
4
Department of Surgery, University Hospital Centre Osijek, Osijek 31 000, Croatia
5
General Hospital “Dr. Josip Benčević” Slavonski Brod, Slavonski Brod 35 000, Croatia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(20), 4003; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16204003
Received: 18 September 2019 / Revised: 16 October 2019 / Accepted: 17 October 2019 / Published: 19 October 2019
(This article belongs to the Collection Health Care and Diabetes)
Background: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of dietary education on glycemic control in patients with any type of diabetes at four-week and two-year follow-ups. Methods: A two-year prospective study was conducted in three phases: before, four weeks after, and two years after an educational program. The participants were patients diagnosed with diabetes who were receiving insulin or oral hypoglycemics and who attended the Diabetes Clinic of the General County Hospital Našice, Croatia to receive their treatment. The questionnaire and educational program were created for the purpose of this study. Measurements were made (fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, body mass index, blood pressure, knowledge test) at baseline, four weeks and two years after education. Results: A total of 109 participants took part in the study, of which 56 (51.4%) were on insulin therapy and 53 (48.6%) were on oral therapy, after two years, 78 (72%) subjects were followed up with. There was no control group. At the two-year follow-up, participants with insulin therapy had significantly higher glycated hemoglobin (Mann–Whitney U test, p = 0.035). Significant differences were observed in fasted blood glucose (Friedman’s test, p = 0.001), diastolic pressure (Friedman’s test, P = 0.018), and glycated hemoglobin (Wilcoxon test, p < 0.001) between Phase 1 and Phase 3. Conclusions: Education has a positive effect on adherence to recommended diet and glycemia regulation in diabetes patients after four-week follow-ups. However, after two years, participants showed a decrease in adherence to recommended diet and increased glycemia.
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Keywords:
diabetes mellitus; diet; diabetes education; glycemia regulation
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
MDPI and ACS Style
Gvozdanović, Z.; Farčić, N.; Placento, H.; Lovrić, R.; Dujmić, Ž.; Jurić, A.; Miškić, B.; Prlić, N. Diet Education as a Success Factor of Glycemia Regulation in Diabetes Patients: A Prospective Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 4003.
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