Factors Related to the Number of Existing Teeth among Korean Adults Aged 55–79 Years
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Selection of Variables
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Mean Number of Existing Teeth and Binary Status Based on the Median Number of Existing Teeth by Age Group
3.2. Association between Demographic, Socioeconomic Variables and the Number of Existing Teeth
3.3. Association between Oral Health-related Behaviours, Status of Metabolic Syndrome Variables, and the Number of Existing Teeth
3.4. Variables Associated with the Number of Existing Teeth
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Dependent Variable | Binary Status Based on the Median Number of Existing Teeth at Each Age Group | |
---|---|---|
Independent variables | Demographic socioeconomic variables | Sex Educational level Parents’ educational levels Region of residence Household income Health insurance |
Oral health-related behaviours | Dental visit in the last 1 year Daily toothbrushing frequency Smoking status: current or past | |
Metabolic syndrome status (≥3 diseases) | Obesity Hypertension Diabetes Hypertriglyceridemia Low high-density–lipoprotein cholesterol |
Age Group (Years) | Participants | Number of Existing Teeth | Number of Participants | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SE) | Median | ≤Median | >Median | ||
Total | 3255 | 21.31 (8.41) | 24.00 | 1750 | 1636 |
55–59 | 855 | 25.23 (5.43) | 27.00 | 497 | 358 |
60–64 | 747 | 23.00 (7.16) | 25.00 | 380 | 367 |
65–69 | 692 | 21.24 (7.95) | 24.00 | 330 | 362 |
70–74 | 562 | 18.87 (8.71) | 21.00 | 285 | 277 |
75–79 | 399 | 16.33 (9.57) | 18.00 | 198 | 201 |
Variables | Contents | Total n | ≤Median | >Median | p * | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | ||||
Total | 3255 | 1690 | 53.6 | 1565 | 46.4 | ||
Gender | Male | 1516 | 821 | 56.0 | 695 | 44.0 | 0.016 |
Female | 1739 | 869 | 51.3 | 870 | 48.7 | ||
Household income | Low | 906 | 516 | 60.2 | 390 | 39.8 | <0.001 |
Middle-low | 910 | 480 | 54.9 | 430 | 45.1 | ||
Middle-high | 725 | 368 | 51.4 | 357 | 48.6 | ||
High | 714 | 326 | 47.2 | 388 | 52.8 | ||
Educational level | ≤Primary | 1289 | 734 | 59.2 | 555 | 40.8 | <0.001 |
Middle | 589 | 321 | 55.6 | 268 | 44.4 | ||
High | 839 | 419 | 51.8 | 420 | 48.2 | ||
≥College | 538 | 216 | 42.7 | 322 | 57.3 | ||
Educational level of father | Uneducated | 873 | 495 | 58.4 | 378 | 41.6 | 0.003 |
Primary | 1588 | 836 | 54.0 | 752 | 46.0 | ||
Middle | 317 | 142 | 47.0 | 175 | 53.0 | ||
≥High | 477 | 217 | 48.6 | 260 | 51.4 | ||
Educational level of mother | Uneducated | 1561 | 836 | 55.1 | 725 | 44.9 | 0.089 |
Primary | 1356 | 703 | 53.9 | 653 | 46.1 | ||
Middle | 193 | 81 | 46.0 | 112 | 54.0 | ||
≥High | 145 | 70 | 47.3 | 75 | 52.7 | ||
Region of residence | Urban | 2492 | 1239 | 51.5 | 1253 | 48.5 | <0.001 |
Rural | 763 | 451 | 61.0 | 312 | 39.0 | ||
National Health insurance | Workplace | 2037 | 1040 | 52.8 | 997 | 47.2 | 0.134 |
Regional | 1114 | 581 | 54.0 | 533 | 46.0 | ||
Medicaid | 104 | 69 | 65.9 | 35 | 34.1 |
Variables | Contents | Total n | ≤Median | >Median | p * | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | ||||
Total | 3255 | 1690 | 53.6 | 1565 | 46.4 | ||
Toothbrushing frequency † | <Twice | 545 | 333 | 63.4 | 212 | 36.6 | <0.001 |
≥Twice | 2710 | 1357 | 51.7 | 1353 | 48.3 | ||
Recent dental visit ‡ | No | 1478 | 758 | 52.2 | 720 | 47.8 | 0.206 |
Yes | 1777 | 932 | 54.8 | 845 | 45.2 | ||
Smoking status | Current | 434 | 283 | 66.6 | 151 | 33.4 | <0.001 |
Past | 890 | 464 | 53.8 | 426 | 46.2 | ||
None | 1931 | 943 | 50.0 | 988 | 50.0 | ||
Obesity | None | 2060 | 1053 | 52.1 | 1007 | 47.9 | 0.055 |
Yes | 1195 | 637 | 56.2 | 558 | 43.8 | ||
Hypertension | None | 870 | 442 | 51.6 | 428 | 48.4 | 0.213 |
Yes | 2385 | 1248 | 54.4 | 1137 | 45.6 | ||
Diabetes | None | 1693 | 861 | 52.1 | 832 | 47.9 | 0.139 |
Yes | 1562 | 829 | 55.2 | 733 | 44.8 | ||
Low-HDL cholesterol | None | 2559 | 1307 | 52.4 | 1252 | 47.6 | 0.017 |
Yes | 696 | 383 | 57.9 | 313 | 42.1 | ||
Hypertriglyceridemia | None | 2730 | 1392 | 52.3 | 1338 | 47.7 | 0.005 |
Yes | 525 | 298 | 60.1 | 227 | 39.9 | ||
Metabolic syndrome § | None | 2214 | 1117 | 51.3 | 1097 | 48.7 | 0.001 |
Yes | 1041 | 573 | 58.4 | 468 | 41.6 |
Variables | Contents | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Crude OR (95% CI †) | AOR * (95% CI †) | AOR * (95% CI †) | ||
Sex (ref. = Female) | Male | 0.83 (0.71–0.97) | 0.74 (0.62–0.87) | 1.10 (0.84–1.43) |
Household income (ref. = High) | Low | 0.59 (0.47–0.75) | 0.77 (0.60–0.99) | 0.79 (0.62–1.01) |
Middle-low | 0.73 (0.59–0.92) | 0.87 (0.69–1.10) | 0.90 (0.71–1.13) | |
Middle-high | 0.85 (0.66–1.08) | 0.95 (0.74–1.21) | 0.97 (0.76–1.23) | |
Education level (ref. =≥ College) | ≤Primary | 0.51 (0.40–0.65) | 0.53 (0.40–0.71) | 0.56 (0.41–0.75) |
Middle | 0.60 (0.46–0.78) | 0.61 (0.45–0.82) | 0.63 (0.47–0.85) | |
High | 0.69 (0.54–0.89) | 0.69 (0.53–0.89) | 0.71 (0.55–0.92) | |
Education level of father (ref.=≥ High) | Uneducated | 0.67 (0.52–0.88) | 0.94 (0.65–1.36) | 0.89 (0.62–1.29) |
Primary | 0.80 (0.63–1.02) | 1.08 (0.80–1.46) | 1.03 (0.76–1.38) | |
Middle | 1.06 (0.77–1.46) | 1.27 (0.91–1.77) | 1.25 (0.90–1.74) | |
Education level of mother (ref.=≥ High) | Uneducated | 0.73 (0.49–1.08) | 1.09 (0.69–1.74) | 1.07 (0.67–1.73) |
Primary | 0.77 (0.53–1.12) | 0.91 (0.60–1.38) | 0.88 (0.57–1.37) | |
Middle | 1.05 (0.64–1.75) | 1.10 (0.66–1.85) | 1.04 (0.62–1.75) | |
Region of residence (ref. = Urban) | Rural | 0.68 (0.56–0.82) | 0.78 (0.65–0.94) | 0.77 (0.63–0.93) |
National health insurance (ref. = Workplace) | Medicaid | 0.58 (0.32–1.04) | 0.70 (0.39–1.26) | 0.78 (0.43–1.43) |
Regional | 0.95 (0.81–1.12) | 0.98 (0.83–1.16) | 1.01 (0.85–1.19) | |
Toothbrushing frequency (ref. ≥ 2/day) | <2/day | 0.62 (0.49–0.78) | 0.75 (0.59–0.95) | |
Recent dental visit (ref. = No) | Yes | 0.90 (0.76–1.06) | 0.81 (0.68–0.95) | |
Smoking status (ref. = non-smoker) | Smoker | 0.50 (0.39–0.64) | 0.47 (0.34–0.65) | |
Past | 0.86 (0.71–1.04) | 0.78 (0.59–1.03) | ||
Metabolic syndrome (ref. = No) | Yes | 0.75 (0.63–0.89) | 0.81 (0.68–0.96) |
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Lee, J.-H.; Yi, S.-K.; Kim, S.-Y.; Kim, J.-S.; Kim, H.-N.; Jeong, S.-H.; Kim, J.-B. Factors Related to the Number of Existing Teeth among Korean Adults Aged 55–79 Years. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 3927. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203927
Lee J-H, Yi S-K, Kim S-Y, Kim J-S, Kim H-N, Jeong S-H, Kim J-B. Factors Related to the Number of Existing Teeth among Korean Adults Aged 55–79 Years. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(20):3927. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203927
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Jung-Ha, Seung-Kyoo Yi, Se-Yeon Kim, Ji-Soo Kim, Han-Na Kim, Seung-Hwa Jeong, and Jin-Bom Kim. 2019. "Factors Related to the Number of Existing Teeth among Korean Adults Aged 55–79 Years" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 20: 3927. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203927