Association between Continuity of Care and the Onset of Thyroid Disorder among Diabetes Patients in Korea
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Data and Study Population
2.2. Variables
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Total | The Onset of Thyroid Disorder | p-Value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | ||||||
N | (%) | N | (%) | N | (%) | ||
Continuity of care index | 0.0017 | ||||||
High (≥0.75) | 11,717 | 69.7 | 11,398 | 97.3 | 319 | 2.7 | |
Low (<0.75) | 5089 | 30.3 | 4904 | 96.4 | 185 | 3.6 | |
Age group | 0.0066 | ||||||
45~54 | 5748 | 34.2 | 5567 | 96.9 | 181 | 3.2 | |
55~64 | 5501 | 32.7 | 5315 | 96.6 | 186 | 3.4 | |
65~74 | 4024 | 23.9 | 3914 | 97.3 | 110 | 2.7 | |
75+ | 1533 | 9.1 | 1506 | 98.2 | 27 | 1.8 | |
Gender | <0.0001 | ||||||
Male | 9282 | 55.2 | 9095 | 98.0 | 187 | 2.0 | |
Female | 7524 | 44.8 | 7207 | 95.8 | 317 | 4.2 | |
Income | |||||||
Low | 3445 | 20.5 | 3372 | 97.9 | 73 | 2.1 | |
Middle | 8738 | 52.0 | 8478 | 97.0 | 260 | 3.0 | |
High | 4623 | 27.5 | 4452 | 96.3 | 171 | 3.7 | |
Insurance type | 0.1183 | ||||||
National Health Insurance | 15,895 | 94.6 | 15,410 | 97.0 | 485 | 3.1 | |
Medical aids | 911 | 5.4 | 892 | 97.9 | 19 | 2.1 | |
Residential area | 0.0716 | ||||||
Capital area | 6926 | 41.2 | 6697 | 96.7 | 229 | 3.3 | |
Metropolitan area | 4272 | 25.4 | 4143 | 97.0 | 129 | 3.0 | |
Rural area | 5608 | 33.4 | 5462 | 97.4 | 146 | 2.6 | |
Type of Diabetes Mellitus | 0.0641 | ||||||
Type 1 | 2314 | 13.8 | 2230 | 96.4 | 84 | 3.6 | |
Type 2 | 14,492 | 86.2 | 14,072 | 97.1 | 420 | 2.9 | |
Charlson comorbidity index | |||||||
2+ | 14,803 | 88.1 | 14,328 | 96.8 | 475 | 3.2 | |
1 | 1571 | 9.4 | 1547 | 98.5 | 24 | 1.5 | |
0 | 432 | 2.6 | 427 | 98.8 | 5 | 1.2 | |
Disability | 0.1745 | ||||||
No | 14,977 | 89.1 | 14,51 | 96.9 | 459 | 3.1 | |
Yes | 1829 | 10.9 | 1784 | 97.5 | 45 | 2.5 | |
Main attending clinic | 0.6649 | ||||||
General hospital | 3787 | 22.5 | 3672 | 97.0 | 115 | 3.0 | |
Hospital | 1348 | 8.0 | 1313 | 97.4 | 35 | 2.6 | |
Clinic | 11,671 | 69.5 | 11,317 | 97.0 | 354 | 3.0 | |
Location of the main attending clinic | 0.2921 | ||||||
Capital area | 6865 | 40.9 | 6646 | 96.8 | 219 | 3.2 | |
Metropolitan area | 4483 | 26.7 | 4346 | 96.9 | 137 | 3.1 | |
Rural area | 5458 | 32.5 | 5310 | 97.3 | 148 | 2.7 | |
Foundation of the main attending clinic | 0.7098 | ||||||
Public | 1606 | 9.6 | 1561 | 97.2 | 45 | 2.8 | |
Corporation | 3870 | 23.0 | 3747 | 96.8 | 123 | 3.2 | |
Private | 11,330 | 67.4 | 10,994 | 97.0 | 336 | 3.0 | |
Diabetes onset year | <0.0001 | ||||||
2004 | 2466 | 14.7 | 2324 | 94.2 | 142 | 5.8 | |
2005 | 2309 | 13.7 | 2195 | 95.1 | 114 | 4.9 | |
2006 | 1832 | 10.9 | 1773 | 96.8 | 59 | 3.2 | |
2007 | 1980 | 11.8 | 1915 | 96.7 | 65 | 3.3 | |
2008 | 1983 | 11.8 | 1930 | 97.3 | 53 | 2.7 | |
2009 | 2085 | 12.4 | 2045 | 98.1 | 40 | 1.9 | |
2010 | 1866 | 11.1 | 1849 | 99.1 | 17 | 0.9 | |
2011 | 2285 | 13.6 | 2271 | 99.4 | 14 | 0.6 | |
Total | 16,806 | 100.0 | 16,302 | 97.0 | 504 | 3.0 |
Variables | The Onset of Thyroid Disorder | ||
---|---|---|---|
HR | 95% CI | p-Value | |
Continuity of care (COC) index | |||
High (≥0.75) | 1.00 | - | |
Low (<0.75) | 1.28 | (1.07–1.54) | 0.0078 |
Age group | |||
45~54 | 1.00 | - | |
55~64 | 0.94 | (0.76–1.15) | 0.5247 |
65~74 | 0.66 | (0.52–0.85) | 0.0012 |
75+ | 0.45 | (0.30–0.68) | 0.0001 |
Gender | |||
Male | 1.00 | - | |
Female | 2.31 | (1.87–2.85) | <0.0001 |
Income | |||
Low | 1.00 | - | |
Middle | 1.11 | (0.87–1.43) | 0.4047 |
High | 1.42 | (1.12–1.81) | 0.0037 |
Insurance type | |||
Supporter | 1.00 | - | |
Dependent | 1.05 | (0.84–1.30) | 0.6854 |
Residential area | |||
Capital area | 1.00 | - | |
Metropolitan area | 0.76 | (0.48–1.18) | 0.2180 |
Rural area | 0.66 | (0.44–1.00) | 0.0515 |
Type of diabetes mellitus | |||
Type 1 | 1.00 | - | |
Type 2 | 1.02 | (0.80–1.29) | 0.8931 |
Charlson comorbidity index | |||
0 | 1.00 | - | |
1 | 0.93 | (0.72–1.20) | 0.5754 |
2+ | 1.07 | (0.83–1.37) | 0.6160 |
Disability | |||
Yes | 1.00 | - | |
No | 0.97 | (0.71–1.32) | 0.8416 |
Main attending clinic | |||
General hospital | 1.00 | - | |
Hospital | 0.99 | (0.65–1.51) | 0.9709 |
Clinic | 1.24 | (0.85–1.80) | 0.2611 |
Location of the main attending clinic | |||
Capital area | 0.79 | (0.52–1.21) | 0.2809 |
Metropolitan area | 0.96 | (0.64–1.45) | 0.8560 |
Rural area | 1.00 | - | |
Foundation of the main attending clinic | |||
Public | 1.00 | - | |
Corporation | 1.40 | (0.90–2.16) | 0.1328 |
Private | 1.12 | (0.81–1.54) | 0.4924 |
Diabetes onset year | |||
2004 | 1.00 | - | |
2005 | 0.93 | (0.73–1.20) | 0.5860 |
2006 | 0.71 | (0.52–0.96) | 0.0280 |
2007 | 0.90 | (0.66–1.23) | 0.5155 |
2008 | 0.88 | (0.63–1.23) | 0.4529 |
2009 | 0.87 | (0.60–1.27) | 0.4802 |
2010 | 0.71 | (0.42–1.20) | 0.1995 |
2011 | 1.35 | (0.74–2.45) | 0.3237 |
Variables | The Onset of Thyroid Disorder | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
High COC | Low COC | |||
HR | HR | 95% CI | p-Value | |
Type of diabetes mellitus * | ||||
Type 1 | 1.00 | 1.46 | (0.95–2.24) | 0.0864 |
Type 2 | 1.00 | 1.24 | (1.01–1.52) | 0.0382 |
Main attending clinic ** | ||||
General hospital | 1.00 | 1.13 | (0.75–1.68) | 0.5641 |
Hospital | 1.00 | 1.46 | (0.73–2.90) | 0.2817 |
Clinic | 1.00 | 1.32 | (1.07–1.64) | 0.0107 |
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Lee, S.A.; Chun, S.-Y.; Kim, W.; Ju, Y.J.; Choi, D.-W.; Park, E.-C. Association between Continuity of Care and the Onset of Thyroid Disorder among Diabetes Patients in Korea. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 233. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020233
Lee SA, Chun S-Y, Kim W, Ju YJ, Choi D-W, Park E-C. Association between Continuity of Care and the Onset of Thyroid Disorder among Diabetes Patients in Korea. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(2):233. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020233
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Sang Ah, Sung-Youn Chun, Woorim Kim, Yeong Jun Ju, Dong-Woo Choi, and Eun-Cheol Park. 2019. "Association between Continuity of Care and the Onset of Thyroid Disorder among Diabetes Patients in Korea" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 2: 233. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020233
APA StyleLee, S. A., Chun, S.-Y., Kim, W., Ju, Y. J., Choi, D.-W., & Park, E.-C. (2019). Association between Continuity of Care and the Onset of Thyroid Disorder among Diabetes Patients in Korea. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(2), 233. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020233