Impact on Population Health of Baltic Shipping Emissions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Country | Population 2015 × 103 | Population Exposure E 2014, M 2014 | Population Exposure E 2014, M 2015 | Population Exposure E 2014, M 2016 | Population Exposure E 2014, M mean | Mean Exposure per Person | Population Exposure E 2016, M 2014 | Population Exposure E 2016, M 2015 | Population Exposure E 2016, M 2016 | Population Exposure E 2016, M Mean | Mean Exposure per Person |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sweden | 9747 | 3630 | 2962 | 3531 | 3374 | 0.354 | 2344 | 1918 | 2273 | 2178 | 0.228 |
Norway | 5166 | 267 | 205 | 299 | 257 | 0.052 | 158 | 125 | 188 | 157 | 0.032 |
Denmark | 5660 | 3430 | 2534 | 3440 | 3135 | 0.566 | 2669 | 1888 | 2522 | 2360 | 0.426 |
Finland | 5472 | 1288 | 1200 | 1327 | 1272 | 0.238 | 697 | 643 | 694 | 678 | 0.127 |
Germany | 81,198 | 7100 | 5414 | 8505 | 7006 | 0.087 | 5174 | 3865 | 6248 | 5096 | 0.064 |
Poland | 38,006 | 3119 | 4048 | 4720 | 3962 | 0.103 | 2031 | 2757 | 3198 | 2662 | 0.069 |
Estonia | 1315 | 413 | 431 | 481 | 441 | 0.341 | 229 | 238 | 261 | 243 | 0.188 |
Latvia | 1986 | 359 | 525 | 507 | 464 | 0.223 | 214 | 326 | 296 | 278 | 0.134 |
Lithuania | 2921 | 455 | 656 | 638 | 583 | 0.193 | 300 | 423 | 400 | 375 | 0.124 |
Russia | 72,450 | 2784 | 3499 | 3197 | 3160 | 0.044 | 1526 | 1896 | 1615 | 1679 | 0.024 |
Sum, Mean | 223,921 | 22,844 | 21,475 | 26,645 | 23,655 | 0.220 | 15,342 | 14,080 | 17,696 | 15,706 | 0.142 |
Country | Mortality at Age > 25 in 2015 (n/Year) | Premature Deaths per Year in 2014 | Years of Life Lost in 2014 | Premature Deaths per Year in 2016 | Years of Life Lost in 2016 | Reduction (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sweden | 90,103 | 187–421 | 1812–4092 | 120–272 | 1167–2635 | 35 |
Norway | 40,312 | 12–28 | 127–287 | 8–17 | 78–176 | 39 |
Denmark | 52,111 | 173–390 | 1901–4293 | 130–294 | 1431–3231 | 25 |
Finland | 53,536 | 75–169 | 775–1750 | 40–90 | 414–935 | 47 |
Germany | 919,548 | 471–1063 | 4940–11,155 | 342–773 | 3634–8206 | 27 |
Poland | 390,815 | 236–532 | 2868–6476 | 158–358 | 1922–4340 | 33 |
Estonia | 15,121 | 30–68 | 346–781 | 17–38 | 191–431 | 45 |
Latvia | 28,237 | 37–83 | 414–935 | 22–50 | 249–562 | 40 |
Lithuania | 41,339 | 47–105 | 514–1161 | 30–68 | 330–745 | 36 |
Russia a | 958,514 | 245–553 | 2977–6722 | 134–302 | 1625–3670 | 45 |
Sum, Mean | 2,621,754 | 1511–3413 | 16,674–37,651 | 1001–2261 | 11,041–24,932 | 37 |
Country | Extra Cases of IHD 2014 | Extra Cases of IHD 2016 | Reduction (n) | Extra Cases of Stroke 2014 | Extra Cases of Stroke 2016 | Reduction (n) | Reduction (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sweden | 208 | 134 | 74 | 180 | 116 | 64 | 35% |
Norway | 13 | 8 | 5 | 18 | 11 | 7 | 39% |
Denmark | 210 | 158 | 52 | 169 | 127 | 42 | 25% |
Finland | 93 | 50 | 44 | 100 | 53 | 46 | 47% |
Germany | 521 | 379 | 142 | 465 | 338 | 127 | 27% |
Poland | 231 | 155 | 76 | 254 | 170 | 83 | 33% |
Estonia | 34 | 19 | 15 | 36 | 20 | 16 | 45% |
Latvia | 28 | 17 | 11 | 47 | 28 | 19 | 40% |
Lithuania | 44 | 29 | 16 | 58 | 37 | 21 | 36% |
Russia a | 166 | 91 | 75 | 228 | 125 | 103 | 45% |
Sum, Mean | 1548 | 1039 | 510 | 1555 | 1026 | 528 | 37% |
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Barregard, L.; Molnàr, P.; Jonson, J.E.; Stockfelt, L. Impact on Population Health of Baltic Shipping Emissions. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 1954. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16111954
Barregard L, Molnàr P, Jonson JE, Stockfelt L. Impact on Population Health of Baltic Shipping Emissions. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(11):1954. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16111954
Chicago/Turabian StyleBarregard, Lars, Peter Molnàr, Jan Eiof Jonson, and Leo Stockfelt. 2019. "Impact on Population Health of Baltic Shipping Emissions" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 11: 1954. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16111954