Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(1), 135; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16010135
Evaluation of Single and Joint Toxicity of Perfluorinated Carboxylic Acids and Copper to Metal-Resistant Arthrobacter Strains
1
School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
2
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China
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These authors contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors.
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 19 November 2018 / Revised: 31 December 2018 / Accepted: 2 January 2019 / Published: 7 January 2019
(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Science and Engineering)
Abstract
Perfluorocarboxylic acid compounds (PFCAs) and copper have been regarded as ubiquitous environmental contaminants in aquatic ecosystems worldwide. However, data on their possible joint toxic effects on microorganisms are still lacking. To study the combined effects of four PFCAs with different carbon chain lengths and copper, a series of experiments were conducted to explore the acute toxicity of these PFCAs in the absence and presence of copper on a metal-resistant Arthrobacter strain GQ-9 by microcalorimetry. The thermokinetic parameters, including growth rate constant (k), inhibitory ratio (I), and half inhibitory concentration (IC50), were calculated and compared using the data obtained from the power-time curves. Our work revealed that GQ-9 is more resistant to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) than Escherichia coli. The single and joint toxicity of PFCAs with copper are dose- and carbon chain length-dependent. The longer the carbon chain length of PFCAs, the higher the toxicity. In addition, PFCAs interacted synergistically with copper. This work could provide useful information for the risk assessment of co-exposure to perfluorinated compounds and heavy metals in natural environments. View Full-TextKeywords:
perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs); perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA); microcalorimetry; carbon chain; joint toxicity
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Cai, Y.; Chen, H.; Chen, H.; Li, H.; Yang, S.; Wang, F. Evaluation of Single and Joint Toxicity of Perfluorinated Carboxylic Acids and Copper to Metal-Resistant Arthrobacter Strains. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 135.
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