Seroprevalence of Hepatitis E Virus in Roma Settlements: A Comparison with the General Population in Slovakia
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Laboratory Examination
2.3. Statistical Analyses
2.4. Ethical Approval
3. Results
3.1. Basic Characteristics of Study Population
3.2. Seroprevalence of Hepatitis E
3.3. Social and Living Conditions Factors Associated with Hepatitis E
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Roma n (%) | Non-Roma n (%) | p |
---|---|---|---|
Male gender | 68 (34.9) | 33 (47.8) | n.s. a |
Age, mean (STD) | 34.8 (8.7) | 34.0 (8.3) | n.s. b |
Unemployed | 171 (87.7) | 19 (27.5) | <0.001 a |
Number of people in house, mean (STD) | 7.1 (3.6) | 4.5 (1.8) | <0.001 b |
Education | |||
Elementary | 153 (78.5) | 1 (1.4) | <0.001 a,c |
Apprenticeship | 34 (17.4) | 24 (34.8) | |
Higher | 7 (3.6) | 43 (62.3) |
Gender | Roma n (%) | Non-Roma n (%) | Chi-Square Test | Relative Risk (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Men | 20 (29.4) | 3 (9.1) | <0.1 | 3.23 (1.03–10.11) |
Women | 22 (17.3) | 2 (5.6) | <0.1 | 3.11 (0.76–12.63) |
Σ | 42 (21.5) | 5 (7.2) | <0.01 | 2.97 (1.22–7.20) |
Parameter | Roma n (%) | Non-Roma n (%) | p |
---|---|---|---|
Sewage system | 79 (40.5) | 56 (81.2) | <0.001 a |
Water supply | 97 (49.7) | 68 (98.6) | <0.001 a |
Flush toilet | 87 (44.6) | 68 (98.6) | <0.001 a |
Bathroom or shower | 85 (43.6) | 68 (98.6) | <0.001 a |
Electricity supply | 159 (81.5) | 68 (98.6) | <0.001 a |
Parameter | HEVseropositive (n/%) | Chi-Square Test |
---|---|---|
Sewage system | ||
Yes | 17 (21.5) | 0.996 |
No | 25 (21.6) | |
Water supply | ||
Yes | 18 (18.6) | 0.314 |
No | 24 (24.5) | |
Flush toilet | ||
Yes | 18 (20.7) | 0.796 |
No | 24 (22.2) | |
Bathroom or shower | ||
Yes | 17 (20.0) | 0.646 |
No | 25 (22.7) | |
Electricity supply | ||
Yes | 33 (20.8) | 0.576 |
No | 9 (25.0) |
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Halánová, M.; Veseliny, E.; Kalinová, Z.; Jarčuška, P.; Janičko, M.; Urbančíková, I.; Pella, D.; Dražilová, S.; Babinská, I.; HepaMeta Team. Seroprevalence of Hepatitis E Virus in Roma Settlements: A Comparison with the General Population in Slovakia. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 904. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15050904
Halánová M, Veseliny E, Kalinová Z, Jarčuška P, Janičko M, Urbančíková I, Pella D, Dražilová S, Babinská I, HepaMeta Team. Seroprevalence of Hepatitis E Virus in Roma Settlements: A Comparison with the General Population in Slovakia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15(5):904. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15050904
Chicago/Turabian StyleHalánová, Monika, Eduard Veseliny, Zuzana Kalinová, Peter Jarčuška, Martin Janičko, Ingrid Urbančíková, Daniel Pella, Sylvia Dražilová, Ingrid Babinská, and HepaMeta Team. 2018. "Seroprevalence of Hepatitis E Virus in Roma Settlements: A Comparison with the General Population in Slovakia" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 5: 904. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15050904
APA StyleHalánová, M., Veseliny, E., Kalinová, Z., Jarčuška, P., Janičko, M., Urbančíková, I., Pella, D., Dražilová, S., Babinská, I., & HepaMeta Team. (2018). Seroprevalence of Hepatitis E Virus in Roma Settlements: A Comparison with the General Population in Slovakia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(5), 904. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15050904