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Volume 15
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10.3390/ijerph15050877
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Article

Dust at Various Workplaces—Microbiological and Toxicological Threats

by
Beata Gutarowska
1,
Justyna Szulc
1,*,
Adriana Nowak
1,
Anna Otlewska
1,
Małgorzata Okrasa
2,
Anita Jachowicz
1 and
Katarzyna Majchrzycka
2
1
Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
2
Department of Personal Protective Equipment, Central Institute for Labour Protection—National Research Institute, 90-133 Łódź, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15(5), 877; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15050877
Submission received: 26 March 2018 / Revised: 20 April 2018 / Accepted: 25 April 2018 / Published: 27 April 2018
(This article belongs to the Section Occupational Safety and Health)
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Abstract

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relation between the chemical (analysis of elements and pH) and microbiological composition (culture and metagenomics analysis) of the dust at various workplaces (cement plant, composting plant, poultry farm, and cultivated area) and the cytotoxicity effect on the human adenocarcinoma lung epithelial adherent cell line A-549 (MTT assay test). Analysis of the Particulate Matter (PM) fraction showed that the dust concentration in cultivated areas exceeded the OELs. For the remaining workplaces examined, the dust concentration was lower than OELs limits. The number of microorganisms in the dust samples was 3.8 × 102–1.6 × 108 CFU/g bacteria and 1.5 × 102–6.5 × 106 CFU/g fungi. The highest number of microorganisms was noted for dust from cultivated areas (total number of bacteria, actinomycetes, P. fluorescens) and composting plants (xerophilic fungi and staphylococci), while the least number of microorganisms was observed for dust from cement plants. Many types of potentially pathogenic microorganisms have been identified, including bacteria, such as Bacillus, Actinomyces, Corynebacterium, Prevotella, Clostridium, and Rickettsia, and fungi, such as Alternaria, Cladosporium, Penicillium, and Aspergillus. The most cytotoxic to the human lung cell line A-549 was dust from cultivated areas (IC50 = 3.8 mg/mL after 72 h). The cytotoxicity of the tested dust samples depends on the PM concentration, the number of microorganisms, including potentially pathogenic genera, and the exposure time.
Keywords: dust; microorganisms; metagenome analysis; cytotoxicity; workplaces dust; microorganisms; metagenome analysis; cytotoxicity; workplaces

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MDPI and ACS Style

Gutarowska, B.; Szulc, J.; Nowak, A.; Otlewska, A.; Okrasa, M.; Jachowicz, A.; Majchrzycka, K. Dust at Various Workplaces—Microbiological and Toxicological Threats. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 877. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15050877

AMA Style

Gutarowska B, Szulc J, Nowak A, Otlewska A, Okrasa M, Jachowicz A, Majchrzycka K. Dust at Various Workplaces—Microbiological and Toxicological Threats. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15(5):877. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15050877

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gutarowska, Beata, Justyna Szulc, Adriana Nowak, Anna Otlewska, Małgorzata Okrasa, Anita Jachowicz, and Katarzyna Majchrzycka. 2018. "Dust at Various Workplaces—Microbiological and Toxicological Threats" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 5: 877. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15050877

APA Style

Gutarowska, B., Szulc, J., Nowak, A., Otlewska, A., Okrasa, M., Jachowicz, A., & Majchrzycka, K. (2018). Dust at Various Workplaces—Microbiological and Toxicological Threats. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(5), 877. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15050877

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