Biocapture of CO2 by Different Microalgal-Based Technologies for Biogas Upgrading and Simultaneous Biogas Slurry Purification under Various Light Intensities and Photoperiods
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods and Materials
2.1. Collection of Algal Strains and Culturing Conditions for the Selected Microalgal-Based Technologies
2.1.1. Culture 1: Mono-Cultivation of Microalgae Strain
2.1.2. Culture 2: Co-Cultivation of Microalgae with Fungi
2.1.3. Culture 3: Co-Cultivation of Microalgae with Activated Sludge
2.2. Biogas Slurry and Biogas
2.3. Photobioreactor
2.4. Experimental Procedure
2.5. Sampling and Analyses
2.6. Statistical Analyses
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. The Strains Growth for the Selected Three Microalgae-Based Technologies at Different Photoperiod Treatments
3.2. Nutrient Removal Efficiencies at Different Photoperiod Treatments
3.3. Biogas Upgrading
3.4. Economic Efficiency of the Energy Consumption
3.5. Optimization of LED Light Intensities Treatments for the Selected Two Cultures
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Before Pretreatment | After Pretreatment |
---|---|---|
pH | 6.78 ± 0.18 | 6.97 ± 0.17 |
Dissolved oxygen (mg L−1) | 5.67 ± 0.44 | 5.43 ± 0.39 |
Dissolved inorganic carbon (mg L−1) | 982.14 ± 32.73 | 971.08 ± 41.39 |
COD (mg L−1) | 1521.75 ± 47.19 | 1495.62 ± 59.94 |
TN (mg L−1) | 289.78 ± 29.37 | 278.46 ± 30.13 |
TP (mg L−1) | 29.82 ± 3.26 | 27.98 ± 2.87 |
Culture 1 | Culture 2 | Culture 3 | |
---|---|---|---|
Specific Growth Rate (d−1) | |||
12 h light:12 h dark | 0.279 ± 0.07 | 0.362 ± 0.07 | 0.325 ± 0.06 |
14 h light:10 h dark | 0.308 ± 0.08 | 0.381 ± 0.09 | 0.337 ± 0.07 |
16 h light:8 h dark | 0.257 ± 0.05 | 0.353 ± 0.08 | 0.296 ± 0.05 |
Mean daily productivity (g L−1 d−1) | |||
12 h light:12 h dark | 0.085 ± 0.007 | 0.143 ± 0.011 | 0.129 ± 0.011 |
14 h light:10 h dark | 0.098 ± 0.006 | 0.162 ± 0.013 | 0.147 ± 0.010 |
16 h light:8 h dark | 0.081 ± 0.007 | 0.134 ± 0.012 | 0.113 ± 0.009 |
Cultivation Approaches/Photoperiods | Time (h) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 24 | 48 | 72 | 96 | 120 | 144 | 168 | 192 | 216 | 240 | |
Culture 1 | |||||||||||
12 h light:12 h dark | 6.87 ± 0.16 | 6.91 ± 0.21 | 6.94 ± 0.18 | 6.98 ± 0.26 | 7.03 ± 0.24 | 7.05 ± 0.31 | 7.07 ± 0.33 | 7.09 ± 0.29 | 7.13 ± 0.29 | 7.16 ± 0.34 | 7.19 ± 0.34 |
14 h light:10 h dark | 6.83 ± 0.14 | 6.93 ± 0.27 | 6.96 ± 0.19 | 7.01 ± 0.21 | 7.05 ± 0.25 | 7.07 ± 0.24 | 7.13 ± 0.34 | 7.16 ± 0.21 | 7.19 ± 0.31 | 7.21 ± 0.36 | 7.17 ± 0.29 |
16 h light:8 h dark | 6.81 ± 0.19 | 6.92 ± 0.23 | 6.97 ± 0.22 | 7.05 ± 0.29 | 7.08 ± 0.27 | 7.06 ± 0.27 | 7.14 ± 0.35 | 7.18 ± 0.25 | 7.21 ± 0.32 | 7.15 ± 0.27 | 7.19 ± 0.41 |
Culture 2 | |||||||||||
12 h light:12 h dark | 6.79 ± 0.17 | 6.82 ± 0.21 | 6.86 ± 0.25 | 6.92 ± 0.27 | 7.06 ± 0.22 | 7.08 ± 0.31 | 7.13 ± 0.24 | 7.15 ± 0.32 | 7.17 ± 0.33 | 7.14 ± 0.21 | 7.16 ± 0.33 |
14 h light:10 h dark | 6.83 ± 0.12 | 6.87 ± 0.22 | 6.91 ± 0.19 | 6.97 ± 0.23 | 7.07 ± 0.29 | 7.09 ± 0.33 | 7.14 ± 0.28 | 7.16 ± 0.31 | 7.19 ± 0.31 | 7.11 ± 0.23 | 7.15 ± 0.35 |
16 h light:8 h dark | 6.86 ± 0.15 | 6.91 ± 0.29 | 6.94 ± 0.26 | 6.99 ± 0.24 | 7.02 ± 0.21 | 7.05 ± 0.29 | 7.08 ± 0.23 | 7.12 ± 0.34 | 7.15 ± 0.37 | 7.19 ± 0.34 | 7.17 ± 0.37 |
Culture 3 | |||||||||||
12 h light:12 h dark | 6.77 ± 0.23 | 6.83 ± 0.24 | 6.87 ± 0.21 | 6.93 ± 0.21 | 7.05 ± 0.21 | 7.08 ± 0.32 | 7.12 ± 0.35 | 7.13 ± 0.32 | 7.14 ± 0.37 | 7.18 ± 0.38 | 7.14 ± 0.21 |
14 h light:10 h dark | 6.85 ± 0.15 | 6.88 ± 0.21 | 6.92 ± 0.23 | 6.98 ± 0.25 | 7.01 ± 0.23 | 7.04 ± 0.23 | 7.08 ± 0.31 | 7.11 ± 0.36 | 7.13 ± 0.32 | 7.11 ± 0.35 | 7.16 ± 0.32 |
16 h light:8 h dark | 6.82 ± 0.18 | 6.86 ± 0.19 | 6.89 ± 0.22 | 6.95 ± 0.22 | 7.03 ± 0.28 | 7.09 ± 0.29 | 7.12 ± 0.27 | 7.17 ± 0.34 | 7.19 ± 0.35 | 7.13 ± 0.31 | 7.18 ± 0.34 |
Cultivation Approaches/Photoperiods | Removal Efficiency (%) | Economic Efficiency (USD−1) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
COD | TN | TP | CO2 | COD | TN | TP | CO2 | |
Culture 1 | ||||||||
12 h light:12 h dark | 56.32 b ± 5.24 | 59.16 b ± 5.35 | 61.66 b ± 5.26 | 42.36 b ± 3.13 | 25.71 b ± 2.04 | 29.14 b ± 2.53 | 29.98 b ± 2.77 | 20.14 b ± 1.65 |
14 h light:10 h dark | 63.43 a ± 5.76 | 68.22 a ± 5.26 | 70.06 a ± 5.24 | 48.87 a ± 3.96 | 30.05 a ± 2.28 | 32.25 a ± 3.02 | 33.63 a ± 2.61 | 24.38 a ± 2.19 |
16 h light:8 h dark | 54.96 b ± 5.19 | 60.75 b ± 5.72 | 60.87 b ± 5.76 | 46.59 a ± 4.19 | 24.08 b ± 2.17 | 29.63 b ± 2.77 | 29.92 b ± 2.24 | 23.09 a ± 1.95 |
Culture 2 | ||||||||
12 h light:12 h dark | 62.84 b ± 5.77 | 64.55 b ± 5.91 | 66.09 b ± 6.11 | 51.66 a ± 4.65 | 29.78 b ± 2.72 | 30.97 a ± 2.84 | 32.45 b ± 2.96 | 26.23 a ± 2.37 |
14 h light:10 h dark | 70.24 a ± 6.86 | 72.99 a ± 6.12 | 73.83 a ± 5.81 | 52.26 a ± 5.37 | 34.13 a ± 3.01 | 36.42 a ± 3.25 | 37.16 a ± 3.07 | 27.37 a ± 2.71 |
16 h light:8 h dark | 59.47 b ± 5.86 | 63.71 b ± 5.93 | 64.82 b ± 6.03 | 50.68 a ± 4.75 | 28.43 b ± 2.84 | 30.09 a ± 2.38 | 30.95 b ± 2.54 | 25.62 a ± 2.62 |
Culture 3 | ||||||||
12 h light:12 h dark | 57.46 b ± 5.13 | 69.27 b ± 4.97 | 63.24 b ± 5.78 | 47.32 a ± 3.79 | 26.86 b ± 2.78 | 32.98 b ± 2.95 | 29.08 b ± 2.68 | 23.85 a ± 2.14 |
14 h light:10 h dark | 68.54 a ± 5.96 | 74.25 a ± 5.95 | 71.98 a ± 6.04 | 49.94 a ± 4.92 | 32.63 a ± 2.35 | 37.83 a ± 3.16 | 35.68 a ± 2.64 | 24.59 a ± 2.77 |
16 h light:8 h dark | 56.09 b ± 5.38 | 64.45 c ± 6.12 | 62.92 b ± 5.09 | 48.31 a ± 4.84 | 25.02 b ± 2.52 | 31.03 b ± 2.83 | 30.43 b ± 2.17 | 24.14 a ± 1.95 |
Cultivation Approaches/Light Intensities | Mean Daily Productivity (g L−1 d−1) | COD Removal Efficiency (%) | TN Removal Efficiency (%) | TP Removal Efficiency (%) | CO2 Removal (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Culture 2 | |||||
250 μmol m−2 s−1 | 0.349 ± 0.021 | 79.12 b ± 4.38 | 80.13 a ± 6.25 | 82.06 a ± 6.35 | 62.83 a ± 4.11 |
450 μmol m−2 s−1 | 0.382 ± 0.024 | 83.43 a ± 5.74 | 81.27 a ± 6.77 | 83.52 a ± 6.61 | 59.37 b ± 5.07 |
650 μmol m−2 s−1 | 0.321 ± 0.018 | 72.86 c ± 5.87 | 76.48 b ± 5.91 | 81.57 a ± 5.97 | 57.49 b ± 5.79 |
Culture 3 | |||||
250 μmol m−2 s−1 | 0.336 ± 0.025 | 75.08 b ± 5.93 | 79.98 b ± 6.95 | 77.13 b ± 5.71 | 54.72 a ± 4.27 |
450 μmol m−2 s−1 | 0.368 ± 0.022 | 80.55 a ± 6.24 | 82.64 a ± 6.24 | 82.79 a ± 5.83 | 50.34 b ± 4.39 |
650 μmol m−2 s−1 | 0.314 ± 0.019 | 73.97 b ± 6.81 | 78.59 b ± 6.76 | 74.24 b ± 4.92 | 48.97 b ± 4.86 |
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Guo, P.; Zhang, Y.; Zhao, Y. Biocapture of CO2 by Different Microalgal-Based Technologies for Biogas Upgrading and Simultaneous Biogas Slurry Purification under Various Light Intensities and Photoperiods. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 528. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15030528
Guo P, Zhang Y, Zhao Y. Biocapture of CO2 by Different Microalgal-Based Technologies for Biogas Upgrading and Simultaneous Biogas Slurry Purification under Various Light Intensities and Photoperiods. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15(3):528. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15030528
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuo, Pengfei, Yuejin Zhang, and Yongjun Zhao. 2018. "Biocapture of CO2 by Different Microalgal-Based Technologies for Biogas Upgrading and Simultaneous Biogas Slurry Purification under Various Light Intensities and Photoperiods" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 3: 528. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15030528