Does Electronic Cigarette Use Predict Abstinence from Conventional Cigarettes among Smokers in Hong Kong?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design
2.2. Measures
2.3. Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participants’ Baseline Characteristics
3.2. Smoking and Quitting Behaviors at Follow-Up
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Study Sample | n = 1307 (%) |
---|---|
Participated in the QTW Contest | 1307 (100%) |
Successfully interviewed at the 1-week follow-up | 1030 (78.8%) |
Answered questions on ever EC use | 956 (73.1%) |
n = 956 (%) | |
Ever EC users | 163 (17.1%) |
Non-users | 793 (82.9%) |
No EC Use (n = 793) | Ever EC Use (n = 163) | p Value a | |
---|---|---|---|
Male | 82.7 | 77.3 | 0.10 |
Median age, years (IQR) | 43 (32 to 55) | 35 (28 to 47) | <0.001 |
Secondary education or above | 84.1 | 92.5 | 0.01 |
In paid employment | 75.8 | 81.7 | 0.11 |
Monthly household income <HK$20,000 (7.8 = 1 US$) | 54.1 | 50.0 | 0.37 |
Median daily cigarette consumption (IQR) | 15 (10 to 20) | 19 (10 to 20) | <0.001 |
Heaviness of Smoking Index ≥4 | 36.6 | 44.8 | 0.05 |
No previous cessation attempt | 25.5 | 16.6 | 0.02 |
Readier to quit | 78.9 | 80.0 | 0.81 |
Perception on successful abstinence (mean ± SD) b | |||
Importance | 7.8 ± 2.2 | 8.3 ± 1.9 | 0.01 |
Confidence | 5.8 ± 2.4 | 5.5 ± 2.5 | 0.17 |
Difficulties | 7.2 ± 2.5 | 7.4 ± 2.7 | 0.50 |
Outcomes | Ever EC Use | Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
No (%) | Yes (%) | Model 1 | Model 2 a | Model 3 b | |
Missing = no cessation attempt nor reduction (n = 956) | |||||
Abstinence from conventional cigarettes | 12.6 | 13.5 | 0.98 (0.59 to 1.62) | 1.08 (0.64 to 1.83) c | 1.09 (0.65 to 1.85) |
Biochemically validated quitting | 7.1 | 9.8 | 1.28 (0.71 to 2.32) | 1.34 (0.71 to 2.49) c | 1.33 (0.72 to 2.48) |
Cessation attempt d | 40.9 | 41.1 | 0.96 (0.68 to 1.36) | 0.92 (0.65 to 1.31) | 0.95 (0.67 to 1.36) |
Smoking reduction by at least 50% | 19.6 | 17.2 | 0.91 (0.58 to 1.42) | 0.92 (0.59 to 1.45) | 0.89 (0.57 to 1.40) |
Complete case analysis (n = 650) | |||||
Abstinence from conventional cigarettes | 18.6 | 19.8 | 0.93 (0.55 to 1.58) | 0.99 (0.57 to 1.73) c | 1.04 (0.59 to 1.81) |
Biochemically validated quitting | 10.4 | 14.4 | 1.24 (0.67 to 2.29) | 1.22 (0.64 to 2.34) c | 1.28 (0.67 to 2.44) |
Cessation attempt d | 46.4 | 44.1 | 0.82 (0.54 to 1.25) | 0.74 (0.48 to 1.14) | 0.83 (0.54 to 1.28) |
Smoking reduction by at least 50% | 35.3 | 31.5 | 0.89 (0.54 to 1.46) | 0.89 (0.54 to 1.47) | 0.90 (0.55 to 1.49) |
Outcomes | Ever EC Use (n = 528) | Unstandardized Coefficient b a (95% CI) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
No (%) | Yes (%) | Model 1 | Model 2 b | |
Readier to quit c | 21.0 | 24.6 | 0.77 (0.31 to 1.94) | 0.84 (0.33 to 2.15) |
Median daily cigarette consumption (IQR) | 10 (6 to 16) | 10 (6 to 20) | 1.40 (−0.32 to 3.12) | 1.43 (−0.30 to 3.16) |
Perception on successful abstinence (mean ± SD) d,e | ||||
Importance | 7.4 ± 2.0 | 7.6 ± 1.9 | 0.14 (−0.36 to 0.64) | 0.17 (−0.33 to 0.67) |
Confidence | 5.0 ± 2.2 | 4.8 ± 2.5 | −0.05 (−0.56 to 0.47) | −0.06 (−0.58 to 0.46) |
Difficulties | 7.4 ± 1.9 | 7.8 ± 2.0 | 0.37 (−0.06 to 0.80) | 0.40 (−0.03 to 0.84) |
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Wu, S.Y.-d.; Wang, M.P.; Li, W.H.; Kwong, A.C.; Lai, V.W.; Lam, T.H. Does Electronic Cigarette Use Predict Abstinence from Conventional Cigarettes among Smokers in Hong Kong? Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 400. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15030400
Wu SY-d, Wang MP, Li WH, Kwong AC, Lai VW, Lam TH. Does Electronic Cigarette Use Predict Abstinence from Conventional Cigarettes among Smokers in Hong Kong? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15(3):400. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15030400
Chicago/Turabian StyleWu, Socrates Yong-da, Man Ping Wang, William H. Li, Antonio C. Kwong, Vienna W. Lai, and Tai Hing Lam. 2018. "Does Electronic Cigarette Use Predict Abstinence from Conventional Cigarettes among Smokers in Hong Kong?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 3: 400. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15030400