Family Social Environment and Parenting Predictors of Alcohol Use among Adolescents in Lithuania
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Subjects and Study Procedures
2.2. Instrument and Variables
2.3. Statistical Analysis
2.4. Ethical Statement
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
BLR | Binary logistic regression |
CI | Confidence interval |
FAS | Family affluence scale |
HBSC | Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study |
OR | Odds ratio |
References
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Independent Variables | n | % |
---|---|---|
Total sample studied, N = 3715 | ||
Gender: | ||
Boys | 1902 | 51.2 |
Girls | 1813 | 48.8 |
Age: | ||
13-year-old | 2017 | 54.3 |
15-year-old | 1698 | 45.7 |
Family FAS: | ||
Low | 1328 | 36.9 |
Medium | 1575 | 43.7 |
High | 700 | 19.4 |
Family structure: | ||
Intact family | 2542 | 68.6 |
Non-intact family | 1163 | 31.4 |
Subsample of respondents living in an intact family, N = 2542 | ||
Gender: | ||
Boys | 1301 | 51.2 |
Girls | 1241 | 48.8 |
Age: | ||
13 years old | 1402 | 55.2 |
15 years old | 1140 | 44.8 |
Family FAS: | ||
Low | 784 | 31.8 |
Medium | 1116 | 45.2 |
High | 569 | 23.0 |
Predictors | n | % | p a |
---|---|---|---|
Satisfaction with family relationships: | |||
High | 2156 | 86.3 | |
Low | 343 | 13.7 | |
Communication with father: | |||
Easy | 1494 | 63.1 | <0.001 |
Difficult | 872 | 36.9 | |
Communication with mother: | |||
Easy | 1801 | 75.9 | |
Difficult | 573 | 24.1 | |
Quality of communication in the family: | |||
Good | 1578 | 62.6 | |
Poor | 944 | 37.4 | |
Father’s monitoring: | |||
High | 1243 | 49.3 | <0.001 |
Low | 1279 | 50.7 | |
Mother’s monitoring: | |||
High | 1559 | 61.8 | |
Low | 963 | 38.2 | |
School-related parental support: | |||
High | 1303 | 51.7 | |
Low | 1219 | 48.3 | |
Father’s emotional support: | |||
High | 1452 | 57.1 | 0.002 |
Low | 1090 | 42.9 | |
Mother’s emotional support: | |||
High | 1563 | 61.5 | |
Low | 979 | 38.5 | |
Father’s parenting style: | |||
Authoritative-Reciprocal | 1051 | 42.2 | <0.001 |
Permissive-Indulgent | 1024 | 41.2 | |
Authoritarian-Repressive | 195 | 7.8 | |
Permissive-Neglectful | 218 | 8.8 | |
Mather’s parenting style: | |||
Authoritative-Reciprocal | 1156 | 46.2 | |
Permissive-Indulgent | 1089 | 43.5 | |
Authoritarian-Repressive | 159 | 6.4 | |
Permissive-Neglectful | 98 | 3.9 | |
Family time together: | |||
Often | 1177 | 46.7 | |
Rare | 1345 | 53.3 | |
Electronic media communication with parents | |||
Often | 1099 | 43.5 | |
Rare | 1428 | 56.5 | |
Seeing of the father | |||
Every day | 1923 | 77.4 | <0.001 |
Not every day | 562 | 22.6 | |
Seeing of the mother | |||
Every day | 2346 | 94.0 | |
Not every day | 149 | 6.0 |
Predictors | Non-Weekly Drinking n (%) | Weekly Drinking n (%) | Univariable Logistic Regression | Multivariable Logistic Regression | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | CI | OR | CI | |||
Total: | 3272 (92.3) | 287 (7.7) | ||||
Gender: | ||||||
Boys (reference group) | 1599 (88.5) | 207 (11.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Girls | 1673 (95.4) | 80 (4.6) | 0.37 | 0.28–0.48 | 0.39 | 0.29–0.51 |
Age: | ||||||
13-year-old (reference group) | 1819 (94.1) | 115 (5.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
15-year-old | 1453 (89.4) | 172 (10.6) | 1.87 | 1.46–2.39 | 1.89 | 1.46–2.44 |
Family FAS: | ||||||
Low (reference group) | 1159 (91.8) | 103 (8.2) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Medium | 1403 (92.4) | 115 (7.6) | 0.92 | 0.70–1.22 | 0.97 | 0.73–1.29 |
High | 618 (91.7) | 56 (8.3) | 1.02 | 0.73–1.43 | 1.17 | 0.82–1.66 |
Family structure: | ||||||
Intact family (reference group) | 2273 (93.2) | 167 (6.8) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Non-intact family | 992 (89.3) | 119 (10.7) | 2.13 | 1.78–2.54 | 1.69 | 1.30–2.19 |
Predictors | Non-Weekly Drinking n (%) | Weekly Drinking n (%) | Univariable Logistic Regression | Multivariable Logistic Regression a | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | CI | OR | CI | |||
Gender: | ||||||
Boys (reference group) | 1121 (90.3) | 121 (9.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Girls | 1152 (96.2) | 46 (3.8) | 0.37 | 0.26–0.53 | 0.39 | 0.25–0.60 |
Age: | ||||||
13-year-old (reference group) | 1282 (95.1) | 66 (4.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
15-year-old | 991 (90.8) | 101 (19.2) | 1.98 | 1.44–2.73 | 2.33 | 1.58–3.44 |
Family FAS: | ||||||
Low (reference group) | 703 (93.7) | 47 (6.3) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Medium | 1005 (93.3) | 72 (6.7) | 1.07 | 0.73–1.57 | 1.34 | 0.84–2.12 |
High | 505 (92.7) | 40 (7.3) | 1.19 | 0.77–1.83 | 1.52 | 0.90–2.57 |
Satisfaction with family relationships: | ||||||
High (reference group) | 1946 (93.6) | 132 (6.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Low | 293 (90.7) | 30 (9.3) | 1.51 | 1.00–2.29 | 0.84 | 0.47–1.50 |
Father’s monitoring: | ||||||
High (reference group) | 1130 (94.9) | 61 (5.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Low | 1127 (91.5) | 105 (8.5) | 1.73 | 1.25–2.39 | 1.52 | 0.95–2.44 |
Mother’s monitoring: | ||||||
High (reference group) | 1435 (92.3) | 71 (4.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Low | 822 (89.6) | 95 (10.4) | 2.34 | 1.70–3.21 | 1.66 | 1.06–2.60 |
Quality of communication in the family: | ||||||
Good (reference group) | 1421 (94.2) | 87 (5.8) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Poor | 836 (83.6) | 79 (8.6) | 1.54 | 1.13–2.12 | 1.29 | 0.82–2.03 |
School-related parental support: | ||||||
High (reference group) | 1180 (94.2) | 73 (5.8) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Low | 1077 (92.1) | 93 (7.9) | 1.40 | 1.02–1.92 | 0.94 | 0.61–1.46 |
Father’s emotional support: | ||||||
High (reference group) | 1303 (93.7) | 87 (6.3) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Low | 970 (92.4) | 80 (7.6) | 1.24 | 0.90–1.69 | 0.81 | 0.51–1.30 |
Mother’s emotional support: | ||||||
High (reference group) | 1413 (94.5) | 83 (5.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Low | 860 (91.1) | 84 (8.9) | 1.66 | 1.21–2.28 | 1.06 | 0.67–1.69 |
Father’s parenting style: | ||||||
Authoritative-Reciprocal (reference group) | 968 (95.5) | 46 (4.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Permissive-Indulgent | 913 (93.4) | 65 (6.6) | 1.50 | 1.02–2.21 | 1.36 | 0.84–2.19 |
Authoritarian-Repressive | 170 (89.5) | 20 (10.5) | 2.48 | 1.43–4.29 | 2.51 | 1.27–4.95 |
Permissive-Neglectful | 184 (86.4) | 29 (13.6) | 3.32 | 2.03–5.42 | 1.96 | 0.96–4.00 |
Mother’s parenting style: | ||||||
Authoritative-Reciprocal (reference group.) | 1051 (94.6) | 60 (5.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Permissive-Indulgent | 981 (93.8) | 65 (6.2) | 1.16 | 0.81–1.67 | 1.29 | 0.83–2.02 |
Authoritarian-Repressive | 138 (89.0) | 17 (11.0) | 2.16 | 1.22–3.80 | 1.07 | 0.49–2.36 |
Permissive-Neglectful | 72 (77.4) | 21 (22.6) | 5.11 | 2.94–8.87 | 3.46 | 1.48–8.09 |
Family time together: | ||||||
Often (reference group) | 1041 (92.3) | 87 (7.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Rare | 1216 (93.9) | 79 (6.1) | 0.78 | 0.57–1.07 | 0.64 | 0.42–0.97 |
Electronic media communication with parents | ||||||
Often (reference group) | 967 (91.7) | 87 (8.3) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Rare | 1306 (94.2) | 80 (5.8) | 0.68 | 0.50–0.93 | 0.47 | 0.32–0.69 |
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Šumskas, L.; Zaborskis, A. Family Social Environment and Parenting Predictors of Alcohol Use among Adolescents in Lithuania. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 1037. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14091037
Šumskas L, Zaborskis A. Family Social Environment and Parenting Predictors of Alcohol Use among Adolescents in Lithuania. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14(9):1037. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14091037
Chicago/Turabian StyleŠumskas, Linas, and Apolinaras Zaborskis. 2017. "Family Social Environment and Parenting Predictors of Alcohol Use among Adolescents in Lithuania" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 9: 1037. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14091037
APA StyleŠumskas, L., & Zaborskis, A. (2017). Family Social Environment and Parenting Predictors of Alcohol Use among Adolescents in Lithuania. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(9), 1037. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14091037