Longer Nature-Based Rehabilitation May Contribute to a Faster Return to Work in Patients with Reactions to Severe Stress and/or Depression
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Hypotheses and Objectives
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Procedure
2.3. The Rehabilitation Program
2.4. Outcome Measures
2.4.1. Primary Outcome Measure
- Paid work: “Paid work as employee”, “Self-employed”, “Actively applying for paid work as employee”, or “Student/studying”.
- Work training: “Vocational training in the workplace”.
- Vocational action: “Work-oriented measures by (or supported by) the Swedish Social Insurance Agency”.
- Still sick: “Sick-listed”.
2.4.2. Secondary Outcome Measures
2.5. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Return to Work Rates 12 Months After Rehabilitation
3.2. Associations Between Length of Rehabilitation Period and Return to Paid Work
4. Discussion
4.1. Return to Work
4.2. Psycho-Evolutionary Theory
4.3. Attention Restoration Theory
4.4. The Supportive Environment Theory
4.5. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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8 Weeks | 12 Weeks | 24 Weeks | |
---|---|---|---|
n | 44 | 48 | 14 |
Mean period (range) | 7.8 (4.0–9.4) | 13.4 (10.0–17.0) | 23.2 (18.0–29.8) |
Mean age | 46.3 | 45.7 | 44.1 |
Sex F/M | 39/5 | 43/5 | 14/0 |
Marital status: Married or living with another adult/Single | 30/14 | 32/16 | 8/6 |
Socioeconomic status | 2.82 | 2.61 | 3.22 |
Time on sick leave (year) | 3.68 | 3.71 | 3.82 |
Primary Diagnosis F43/F32 | 30/14 | 34/14 | 13/1 |
Additional consultation (%) | 8 (18) | 10 (21) | 3 (21) |
Percent | Paid Work (%) | Job Training (%) | Customized Job Training (%) | Combined (Paid Work, Job Training, and Customized Job Training) (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 53 (55.8) | 78 (82.1) | 89 (93.7) | 30 (31.6) |
25 | 8 (8.4) | 7 (7.3) | 1 (1.0) | 16 (16.8) |
50 | 11 (11.6) | 5 (5.3) | 3 (3.2) | 19 (20.0) |
75 | 9 (9.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 9 (9.5) |
100 | 14 (14.7) | 5 (5.3) | 2 (2.1) | 21 (22.1) |
Rehabilitation Period | 8 Weeks | 12 Weeks | 24 Weeks | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | n | Mean Start–End | Diff | ES (Magn.) | t | p | n | Mean Start–End | Diff | ES (Magn.) | t | p | n | Mean Start–End | Diff | ES (Magn.) | t | p |
RTW | 40 | 0–20.0 | 20.0 | 0.85 (H) | 3.77 | <0.001 | 43 | 0.0–34.9 | 34.9 | 1.22 (H) | 5.65 | <0.0001 | 12 | 0.0–43.8 | 43.8 | 1.49 (H) | 3.66 | <0.01 |
OSA | 34 | 36.5–41.5 | 5.0 | 0.64 (M) | 4.22 | <0.001 | 37 | 36.8–44.9 | 8.1 | 1.07 (H) | 6.23 | <0.0001 | 10 | 35.4–44.9 | 9.5 | 1.46 (H) | 3.34 | <0.01 |
Mastery | 36 | 17.0–20.0 | 3.0 | 0.67 (M) | 4.94 | <0.0001 | 40 | 17.5–20.7 | 3.2 | 0.70 (M) | 4.98 | <0.0001 | 12 | 18.5–21.7 | 3.2 | 0.68 (M) | 3.01 | =0.01 |
SoC | 34 | 47.2–54.8 | 7.6 | 0.60 (M) | 3.84 | <0.001 | 37 | 46.7–59.7 | 13.0 | 1.10 (H) | 6.28 | <0.0001 | 10 | 49.8–59.1 | 9.3 | 0.56 (M) | 2.67 | <0.05 |
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Grahn, P.; Pálsdóttir, A.M.; Ottosson, J.; Jonsdottir, I.H. Longer Nature-Based Rehabilitation May Contribute to a Faster Return to Work in Patients with Reactions to Severe Stress and/or Depression. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 1310. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14111310
Grahn P, Pálsdóttir AM, Ottosson J, Jonsdottir IH. Longer Nature-Based Rehabilitation May Contribute to a Faster Return to Work in Patients with Reactions to Severe Stress and/or Depression. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14(11):1310. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14111310
Chicago/Turabian StyleGrahn, Patrik, Anna María Pálsdóttir, Johan Ottosson, and Ingibjörg H. Jonsdottir. 2017. "Longer Nature-Based Rehabilitation May Contribute to a Faster Return to Work in Patients with Reactions to Severe Stress and/or Depression" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 11: 1310. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14111310