Epidemiologic Features of Enterovirus 71-Associated Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease from 2009 to 2013 in Zhejiang, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Subjects and Methods
2.1. Sample Collection
2.2. Case Definitions
2.3. Reported EV71-Associated HFMD
2.4. Data Resources and Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of Severe and Fatal EV71-associated HFMD Cases
3.2. Description of Overall Trends of EV71-Associated HFMD
3.3. Age Distribution
3.4. Gender Distribution
3.5. Occupational Distribution
3.6. Seasonal Distribution
3.7. Geographic Distribution
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
EV71 | enterovirus 71 |
HFMD | hand-foot-and-mouthdisease |
NNDRS | national notifiable disease reporting system |
PCR | polymerase chain reaction |
SPSS | statistical package for the social sciences |
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Age Group | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2009–2013 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Months) | N | R | N | R | N | R | N | R | N | R | N | R |
0–11 | 62 | 10 | 388 | 62.5 | 219 | 46.4 | 158 | 35.9 | 94 | 21.7 | 921 | 35.6 |
12–23 | 123 | 20 | 642 | 104.0 | 625 | 133.2 | 521 | 105.2 | 304 | 62.2 | 2215 | 82.5 |
24–35 | 111 | 17.9 | 547 | 88.3 | 493 | 104.8 | 401 | 80.9 | 215 | 44.1 | 1767 | 65.6 |
36–47 | 88 | 14.2 | 375 | 60.9 | 398 | 85.1 | 320 | 65.5 | 183 | 38.1 | 1364 | 51.1 |
48–59 | 47 | 7.5 | 236 | 38.1 | 168 | 35.7 | 170 | 34.8 | 106 | 22.1 | 727 | 27.1 |
60–71 | 16 | 2.5 | 114 | 18.1 | 92 | 19.3 | 92 | 20.4 | 37 | 8.4 | 351 | 13.3 |
≥72 | 22 | 0.1 | 82 | 0.2 | 90 | 0.2 | 73 | 0.1 | 38 | 0.1 | 305 | 0.1 |
Year | Male | Female | Ratio (Male/Female) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | R | N | R | ||
2009 | 297 | 1.1 | 172 | 0.7 | 1.7 |
2010 | 1497 | 5.7 | 887 | 3.5 | 1.6 |
2011 | 1318 | 4.7 | 767 | 2.9 | 1.6 |
2012 | 1098 | 3.9 | 637 | 2.4 | 1.6 |
2013 | 584 | 2.1 | 393 | 1.5 | 1.4 |
Total | 4794 | 3.5 | 2856 | 2.2 | 1.6 |
Occupation | 2009 (%) | 2010 (%) | 2011 (%) | 2012 (%) | 2013 (%) | 2009–2013 (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Scattered children | 286 (61.0) | 1617 (67.8) | 1451 (69.6) | 1195 (68.9) | 675 (69.10) | 5224 (68.3) |
Preschool children | 166 (35.4) | 724 (30.4) | 584 (28.0) | 504 (29.0) | 278 (28.5) | 2256 (29.5) |
School children | 16 (3.4) | 40 (1.7) | 42 (2.0) | 33 (1.9) | 24 (2.5) | 155 (2.0) |
Others | 1 (0.2) | 3 (0.1) | 8 (0.4) | 3 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 15 (0.2) |
Total | 469 (100) | 2384 (100) | 2085 (100) | 1735 (100) | 977 (100) | 7650 (100) |
City | Population/km2 | Reported Cases/km2 * |
---|---|---|
Wenzhou | 773.98 | 0.17 |
Ningbo | 774.83 | 0.16 |
Jiaxing | 1149.85 | 0.14 |
Zhoushan | 778.65 | 0.11 |
Shaoxing | 594.99 | 0.06 |
Huzhou | 497.17 | 0.06 |
Taizhou | 634.24 | 0.05 |
Quzhou | 239.98 | 0.04 |
Jinhua | 4900 | 0.04 |
Hangzhou | 524.25 | 0.04 |
Lishui | 122.38 | 0.03 |
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Wang, Z.; Lv, H.; Zhu, W.; Mo, Z.; Mao, G.; Wang, X.; Lou, X.; Chen, Y. Epidemiologic Features of Enterovirus 71-Associated Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease from 2009 to 2013 in Zhejiang, China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 33. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14010033
Wang Z, Lv H, Zhu W, Mo Z, Mao G, Wang X, Lou X, Chen Y. Epidemiologic Features of Enterovirus 71-Associated Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease from 2009 to 2013 in Zhejiang, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14(1):33. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14010033
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Zhifang, Huakun Lv, Wenming Zhu, Zhe Mo, Guangming Mao, Xiaofeng Wang, Xiaoming Lou, and Yongdi Chen. 2017. "Epidemiologic Features of Enterovirus 71-Associated Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease from 2009 to 2013 in Zhejiang, China" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 1: 33. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14010033