Impact of Partial and Comprehensive Smoke-Free Regulations on Indoor Air Quality in Bars
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Sample Collection
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Indoor PM2.5 Concentrations of Bars Pre-Regulation
3.2. Indoor PM2.5 Concentrations in Bars ≥150 m2 after Regulation of Bars ≥150 m2
3.3. Indoor PM2.5 Concentrations in Bars 100–149 m2 after Regulation of Bars ≥100 m2
3.4. Indoor PM2.5 Concentrations in Bars <100 m2 after Regulation of All Bars
3.5. Factors Associated with Indoor PM2.5 Concentrations after Regulation of All Bars
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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City | Size (m2) | Pre-Regulation a | After Regulation of Bars ≥150 m2 a | After Regulation of Bars ≥100 m2 b | After Regulation of All Bars | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Indoor PM2.5 Concentration | Bars with Smokers | n | Indoor PM2.5 Concentration | Bars with Smokers | n | Indoor PM2.5 Concentration | Bars with Smokers | n | Indoor PM2.5 Concentration | Bars with Smokers | ||
GM (GSD) | # (%) | GM (GSD) | # (%) | GM (GSD) | # (%) | GM (GSD) | # (%) | ||||||
Seoul | ≥150 | 34 | 93.2 (2.2) | 23 (68) | 34 | 55.3 (2.2) | 10 (29) | - | - | - | 7 | 23.3 (2.2) | 0 (0) |
100–149 | 24 | 114.9 (2.1) | 23 (96) | 24 | 118.9 (2.1) | 16 (67) | 36 | 38.6 (2.8) | 12 (33) | 11 | 19.7 (2.4) | 0 (0) | |
<100 | 17 | 88.2 (1.9) | 16 (94) | 17 | 93.4 (1.7) | 12 (71) | 40 | 56.3 (2.9) | 20 (50) | 40 | 26.5 (2.4) | 0 (0) | |
Subtotal | 75 | 98.4 (2.1) | 62 (83) | 75 | 79.5 (2.2) | 38 (51) | 76 | 47.1 (2.9) | 32(42) | 58 | 24.7 (2.3) | 0 (0) | |
Changwon | ≥150 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
100–149 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 14 | 21.6 (3.0) | 4 (29) | 4 | 27.8 (3.6) | 2 (50) | |
<100 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 17 | 50.0 (4.9) | 9 (53) | 17 | 33.7 (2.7) | 2 (12) | |
Subtotal | - | - | - | - | - | - | 31 | 34.2 (4.2) | 13 (42) | 21 | 32.5 (2.8) | 4 (19) | |
Total | 75 | 98.4 (2.1) | 62 (83) | 75 | 79.5 (2.2) | 38 (51) | 107 | 42.9 (3.3) | 45 (42) | 79 | 26.6 (2.5) | 4 (5) |
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Kim, J.; Ban, H.; Hwang, Y.; Ha, K.; Lee, K. Impact of Partial and Comprehensive Smoke-Free Regulations on Indoor Air Quality in Bars. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2016, 13, 754. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13080754
Kim J, Ban H, Hwang Y, Ha K, Lee K. Impact of Partial and Comprehensive Smoke-Free Regulations on Indoor Air Quality in Bars. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2016; 13(8):754. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13080754
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Jeonghoon, Hyunkyung Ban, Yunhyung Hwang, Kwonchul Ha, and Kiyoung Lee. 2016. "Impact of Partial and Comprehensive Smoke-Free Regulations on Indoor Air Quality in Bars" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 13, no. 8: 754. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13080754