Potential of Endophytic Bacterium Paenibacillus sp. PHE-3 Isolated from Plantago asiatica L. for Reduction of PAH Contamination in Plant Tissues
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Isolation of PAH-Degrading Endophytic Bacteria
2.2. Identification of PAH-Degrading Endophytic Bacteria
2.3. Biodegradation of PAHs by Endophytic Bacterium
2.3.1. Capacity of Degrading Phenanthrene
2.3.2. Activities of Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase
2.3.3. Capabilities of Degrading Other PAHs
Capabilities of Degrading Other PAHs Separately
Capacities of Degrading a Mixture of PAHs
2.4. Effects of Additional Nutrients on Phenanthrene Degradation
2.5. Detection of PAH Residues by HPLC
2.6. Statistical Analyses
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Isolation and Identification of Strain PHE-3
3.2. Biodegradation of Phenanthrene by Strain PHE-3
3.3. Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase Activity
3.4. Biodegradation of Other PAHs
3.5. Optimal Environmental Conditions for Biodegradation of Phenanthrene
3.5.1. pH and Temperature
3.5.2. Additional Carbon and Nitrogen Nutrients
3.6. Possible Application for PAH-Degrading Endophytic Bacteria
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Reaction | Results | Reaction | Results |
---|---|---|---|
Glucose fermentation test | − | Nitrate reaction | − |
Methyl red staining | − | Voges-Proskauer reaction | − |
Starch hydrolysis | + | Hydrogen sulfide test | − |
Indole production | − | Gelatin liquefaction testing | − |
Citrate utilization test | − | Phenylalanine deaminase | − |
Carbon Sources | Degradation Rate (%) | Nitrogen Sources | Degradation Rate (%) |
---|---|---|---|
CK | 73.12 ± 3.03 d | CK | 73.12 ± 3.03 d |
Glucose | 95.31 ± 1.05 c | NH4NO3 | 99.77 ± 0.13 a |
Sucrose | 97.80 ± 1.02 b | (NH4)2SO4 | 99.28 ± 0.38 a |
Citric acid | 99.41 ± 0.40 a | Glutamate | 99.90 ± 0.03 a |
Yeast | 99.45 ± 0.44 a | Tryptone | 95.62 ± 0.30 c |
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Zhu, X.; Jin, L.; Sun, K.; Li, S.; Ling, W.; Li, X. Potential of Endophytic Bacterium Paenibacillus sp. PHE-3 Isolated from Plantago asiatica L. for Reduction of PAH Contamination in Plant Tissues. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2016, 13, 633. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13070633
Zhu X, Jin L, Sun K, Li S, Ling W, Li X. Potential of Endophytic Bacterium Paenibacillus sp. PHE-3 Isolated from Plantago asiatica L. for Reduction of PAH Contamination in Plant Tissues. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2016; 13(7):633. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13070633
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhu, Xuezhu, Li Jin, Kai Sun, Shuang Li, Wanting Ling, and Xuelin Li. 2016. "Potential of Endophytic Bacterium Paenibacillus sp. PHE-3 Isolated from Plantago asiatica L. for Reduction of PAH Contamination in Plant Tissues" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 13, no. 7: 633. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13070633