Relationship between Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether Exposure and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study among Petrol Station Attendants in Southern China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Study Population and Ethical Permission
2.2. Diagnosis of NAFLD
2.3. Basic Examinations and Laboratory Tests
2.4. Analysis of Personal Exposure Level of MTBE
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Study Population
3.2. Personal Exposure Concentrations of MTBE among Petrol Station Attendants
3.3. Multivariate-Adjusted Odds Ratios for the Prevalence of NAFLD in Groups with Different Exposure Concentrations of MTBE
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Factors | NAFLD | Non–NAFLD | X2/t Value | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (mean ± SD) (years) | 39.75 ± 8.61 | 27.11 ± 6.97 | 8.760 | 0.000 |
Gender | ||||
Male | 10 (90.91%) | 31 (51.67%) | 4.369 (continuity correction) | 0.037 |
Female | 1 (9.09%) | 29 (48.33%) | ||
Education | ||||
High school | 8 (72.72%) | 49 (81.67%) | 0.074 (continuity correction) | 0.785 |
College | 3 (27.28) | 11 (18.33%) | ||
Smoking habit | ||||
Yes | 3 (27.27%) | 10 (16.67%) | 0.170 (continuity correction) | 0.680 |
No | 8 (72.73%) | 50 (83.33%) | ||
Physical exercise | ||||
Yes | 1 (9.09%) | 28 (46.67%) | 3.988 (continuity correction) | 0.046 |
No | 10 (90.91%) | 32 (53.33%) | ||
Working types | ||||
Oil suppliers | 9 (81.82%) | 53 (88.33%) | 0.011 (continuity correction) | 0.917 |
Office workers | 2 (18.18%) | 7 (11.67%) | ||
Length of service (years) | 5.60 ± 2.51 | 4.68 ± 2.03 | 0.936 | 0.365 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.63 ± 1.46 | 21.29 ± 1.98 | 17.637 | 0.000 |
SBP (mmHg) | 126.64 ± 10.32 | 109.45 ± 9.67 | 14.971 | 0.000 |
DBP (mmHg) | 80.03 ± 7.34 | 71.25 ± 6.87 | 11.670 | 0.000 |
ALT (U/L) | 36.54 ± 6.75 | 22.17 ± 5.71 | 9.584 | 0.000 |
WBC (×109/L) | 7.16 ± 2.64 | 5.69 ± 1.67 | 8.483 | 0.000 |
PLT (×109/L) | 220 ± 30.38 | 203 ± 23.77 | 21.371 | 0.071 |
BUN (mmol/L) | 5.61 ± 1.92 | 4.63 ± 1.37 | 7.692 | 0.067 |
CREA (μmol/L) | 87.61 ± 23.15 | 81.59 ± 21.64 | 13.593 | 0.190 |
GLU (mmol/L) | 5.37 ± 1.62 | 5.13 ± 1.35 | 8.691 | 0.076 |
GLO (g/L) | 28.34 ± 7.65 | 27.97 ± 6.8 | 16.452 | 0.097 |
ALB (g/L) | 46.74 ± 8.15 | 44.69 ± 7.98 | 18.723 | 0.061 |
Hb (g/L) | 150.79 ± 12.67 | 145.93 ± 11.77 | 17.871 | 0.053 |
TC (mmol/L) | 5.26 ± 0.87 | 4.07 ± 0.73 | 7.572 | 0.000 |
TG (mmol/L) | 2.17 ± 0.81 | 1.41 ± 0.30 | 5.033 | 0.002 |
LDL (mmol/L) | 2.51 ± 0.71 | 2.11 ± 0.52 | 6.971 | 0.012 |
HDL (mmol/L) | 1.21 ± 0.12 | 1.51 ± 0.22 | −2.722 | 0.023 |
MTBE (μg/m3) | Gender | n | Crude | Adjusted c | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR a | 95% CI b | p Value | OR | 95% CI | p Value | |||
≤100 | M | 4 | 1.00 | 1.00–1.00 | - | 1.00 | 1.00–1.00 | - |
W | 7 | 1.00 | 1.00–1.00 | - | 1.00 | 1.00–1.00 | - | |
T | 11 | 1.00 | 1.00–1.00 | - | 1.00 | 1.00–1.00 | - | |
100–200 | M | 4 | 1.93 | 0.78–2.31 | >0.05 | 1.64 | 0.84–1.83 | >0.05 |
W | 8 | 0.97 | 0.85–1.41 | >0.05 | 1.17 | 0.79–1.32 | >0.05 | |
T | 12 | 1.87 | 0.91–2.11 | >0.05 | 1.31 | 0.85–1.54 | >0.05 | |
200–300 | M | 25 | 1.68 | 0.78–1.89 | >0.05 | 1.32 | 0.80–1.63 | >0.05 |
W | 9 | 0.93 | 0.81–1.33 | >0.05 | 1.02 | 0.79–1.26 | >0.05 | |
T | 34 | 1.51 | 0.87–1.86 | >0.05 | 1.14 | 0.81–1.32 | >0.05 | |
≥300 | M | 7 | 1.35 | 0.77–2.41 | >0.05 | 1.21 | 0.77–1.73 | >0.05 |
W | 7 | 1.27 | 0.83–1.67 | >0.05 | 1.11 | 0.75–1.41 | >0.05 | |
T | 14 | 1.91 | 1.07–2.34 | <0.05 | 1.52 | 0.93–1.61 | >0.05 |
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Yang, J.; Wei, Q.; Peng, X.; Peng, X.; Yuan, J.; Hu, D. Relationship between Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether Exposure and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study among Petrol Station Attendants in Southern China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2016, 13, 946. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13100946
Yang J, Wei Q, Peng X, Peng X, Yuan J, Hu D. Relationship between Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether Exposure and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study among Petrol Station Attendants in Southern China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2016; 13(10):946. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13100946
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Jianping, Qinzhi Wei, Xiaochun Peng, Xiaowu Peng, Jianhui Yuan, and Dalin Hu. 2016. "Relationship between Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether Exposure and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study among Petrol Station Attendants in Southern China" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 13, no. 10: 946. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13100946