Antenatal Clinic and Stop Smoking Services Staff Views on “Opt-Out” Referrals for Smoking Cessation in Pregnancy: A Framework Analysis
by
Katarzyna Anna Campbell 1,*,†
,
Katharine Anna Bowker 1,†,
Felix Naughton 2,
Melanie Sloan 2,
Sue Cooper 1 and
Tim Coleman 1
Katarzyna Anna Campbell 1,*,†,
Katharine Anna Bowker 1,†,
Felix Naughton 2,
Melanie Sloan 2,
Sue Cooper 1 and
Tim Coleman 1
1
University of Nottingham, Division of Primary Care, Room 1406, Tower Building, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
2
Behavioural Science Group, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to the work.
Academic Editors: Linda Bauld and Rosemary Hiscock
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2016, 13(10), 1004; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13101004
Received: 2 August 2016 / Revised: 26 September 2016 / Accepted: 28 September 2016 / Published: 12 October 2016
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tobacco Control and Priority Groups)
Introduction: UK guidance recommends routine exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) screening for pregnant women and “opt-out” referrals to stop smoking services (SSS) of those with CO ≥ 4 ppm. We explored staff views on this referral pathway when implemented in one UK hospital Trust. Methods: Seventeen semi-structured interviews with staff involved in the implementation of the new referral pathway: six antenatal clinic staff (before and after implementation); five SSS staff (after). Data were analyzed using framework analysis. Results: Two themes were identified: (1) views on implementation of the pathway and (2) impact of the pathway on the women. Generally, staff felt that following training, referrals were less arduous to implement and better received than expected. The majority believed this pathway helped engage women motivated to quit and offered a unique chance to impart smoking cessation knowledge to hard-to-reach women, who might not otherwise contact SSS. An unexpected issue arose during implementation—dealing with non-smokers with high CO readings. Conclusions: According to staff, the “opt-out” referral pathway is an acceptable addition to routine antenatal care. It can help engage hard-to-reach women and educate them about the dangers of smoking in pregnancy. Incorporating advice on dealing with non-smokers with high CO into routine staff training could help future implementations.
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Keywords:
“opt-out” referrals; smoking cessation; pregnancy; health support workers; stop smoking services
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MDPI and ACS Style
Campbell, K.A.; Bowker, K.A.; Naughton, F.; Sloan, M.; Cooper, S.; Coleman, T. Antenatal Clinic and Stop Smoking Services Staff Views on “Opt-Out” Referrals for Smoking Cessation in Pregnancy: A Framework Analysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2016, 13, 1004.
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