Antenatal Clinic and Stop Smoking Services Staff Views on “Opt-Out” Referrals for Smoking Cessation in Pregnancy: A Framework Analysis

Campbell, Katarzyna Anna; Bowker, Katharine Anna; Naughton, Felix; Sloan, Melanie; Cooper, Sue; Coleman, Tim

doi:10.3390/ijerph13101004

Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Edit a Special Issue

Article Menu

...

Open AccessArticle

Antenatal Clinic and Stop Smoking Services Staff Views on “Opt-Out” Referrals for Smoking Cessation in Pregnancy: A Framework Analysis

Katarzyna Anna Campbell

^1,*,†

Katharine Anna Bowker

^1,†,

²,

²,

and

University of Nottingham, Division of Primary Care, Room 1406, Tower Building, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK

Behavioural Science Group, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to the work.

Academic Editors: Linda Bauld and Rosemary Hiscock

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2016, 13(10), 1004; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13101004

Received: 2 August 2016 / Revised: 26 September 2016 / Accepted: 28 September 2016 / Published: 12 October 2016

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tobacco Control and Priority Groups)

View Full-Text Download PDF

Browse Figures

Citation Export

Abstract

Introduction: UK guidance recommends routine exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) screening for pregnant women and “opt-out” referrals to stop smoking services (SSS) of those with CO ≥ 4 ppm. We explored staff views on this referral pathway when implemented in one UK hospital Trust. Methods: Seventeen semi-structured interviews with staff involved in the implementation of the new referral pathway: six antenatal clinic staff (before and after implementation); five SSS staff (after). Data were analyzed using framework analysis. Results: Two themes were identified: (1) views on implementation of the pathway and (2) impact of the pathway on the women. Generally, staff felt that following training, referrals were less arduous to implement and better received than expected. The majority believed this pathway helped engage women motivated to quit and offered a unique chance to impart smoking cessation knowledge to hard-to-reach women, who might not otherwise contact SSS. An unexpected issue arose during implementation—dealing with non-smokers with high CO readings. Conclusions: According to staff, the “opt-out” referral pathway is an acceptable addition to routine antenatal care. It can help engage hard-to-reach women and educate them about the dangers of smoking in pregnancy. Incorporating advice on dealing with non-smokers with high CO into routine staff training could help future implementations. View Full-Text

Keywords: “opt-out” referrals; smoking cessation; pregnancy; health support workers; stop smoking services

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Campbell, K.A.; Bowker, K.A.; Naughton, F.; Sloan, M.; Cooper, S.; Coleman, T. Antenatal Clinic and Stop Smoking Services Staff Views on “Opt-Out” Referrals for Smoking Cessation in Pregnancy: A Framework Analysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2016, 13, 1004. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13101004

AMA Style

Campbell KA, Bowker KA, Naughton F, Sloan M, Cooper S, Coleman T. Antenatal Clinic and Stop Smoking Services Staff Views on “Opt-Out” Referrals for Smoking Cessation in Pregnancy: A Framework Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2016; 13(10):1004. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13101004

Chicago/Turabian Style

Campbell, Katarzyna A., Katharine A. Bowker, Felix Naughton, Melanie Sloan, Sue Cooper, and Tim Coleman. 2016. "Antenatal Clinic and Stop Smoking Services Staff Views on “Opt-Out” Referrals for Smoking Cessation in Pregnancy: A Framework Analysis" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 13, no. 10: 1004. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13101004

Find Other Styles

Note that from the first issue of 2016, MDPI journals use article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Abstract views Pdf views Html views

Article Menu

Antenatal Clinic and Stop Smoking Services Staff Views on “Opt-Out” Referrals for Smoking Cessation in Pregnancy: A Framework Analysis

Abstract

Share and Cite

Article Metrics

Article Access Statistics

Article Access Map by Country/Region

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI