Classifying Natural Waters with the Forel-Ule Colour Index System: Results, Applications, Correlations and Crowdsourcing
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods and Sampling
2.1. Derivation of FUI from Ocean Colour Remote Sensing Products
2.2. Handheld FUI Scale
2.3. CPAs and Water Clarity
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Mapping Apparent Colours of Water
3.2. FUI as a Proxy for Water Clarity Parameters
3.3. Inferring the FUI from CPAs
Region | FUI = | N | R2 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
North-western European Seas | 4.4 + 19.4 × CDOM − 0.1 × chl-a + 0.06 × SPM | 47 | 0.25 a | 21 ± 16 | 6 ± 26 |
West Greenland, Iceland | 4.6 + 9.5 × CDOM + 0.3 × chl-a − 0.05 × SPM | 24 | 0.32 b | 22 ± 16 | 6 ± 27 |
4. Discussion
4.1. Mapping Colour of Surface Waters
4.2. Monitoring Changes in Colour of Water
4.3. Correlations, Relevance and Limitations of FUI as A Proxy
5. Conclusions and Future Directions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Garaba, S.P.; Friedrichs, A.; Voß, D.; Zielinski, O. Classifying Natural Waters with the Forel-Ule Colour Index System: Results, Applications, Correlations and Crowdsourcing. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2015, 12, 16096-16109. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121215044
Garaba SP, Friedrichs A, Voß D, Zielinski O. Classifying Natural Waters with the Forel-Ule Colour Index System: Results, Applications, Correlations and Crowdsourcing. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2015; 12(12):16096-16109. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121215044
Chicago/Turabian StyleGaraba, Shungudzemwoyo P., Anna Friedrichs, Daniela Voß, and Oliver Zielinski. 2015. "Classifying Natural Waters with the Forel-Ule Colour Index System: Results, Applications, Correlations and Crowdsourcing" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 12, no. 12: 16096-16109. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121215044