Association of PAEs with Precocious Puberty in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Selection Criteria
2.2. Search Strategy
2.3. Data Screening and Extraction
2.4. Risk of Bias Assessment
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Search Results
3.2. Characteristics of Included Studies
3.3. Risk of Bias in Included Studies
Study | Country | Test Specimen | Sample SizePP/Control | Kinds of PP | Age | Categories of PAEs and Metabolites | Detection Methods | Instrument | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PP | Control | ||||||||
Chou et al. [18] | China | urine | 30/33 | PT | 6.7±1.8 | 8.2±1.3 | MEHP, MMP, MBzP, MBuP | HPLC-ESI-MS/MS | NA |
Yum et al. [19] | Korea | blood | 150/90 | PP | 8.91±1.40 | 8.5±1.68 | DEHP,DBP,MEHP,MBP | HPLC | NA |
Cai et al. [20] | China | blood | 110/100 | ICPP | 6.1~11.3 | 6.5~11.2 | DEHP,DBP | GC | AL 3000 |
Ke et al. [21] | China | blood | 123/102 | ICPP | 5.6~11.3 | 6.2~11.1 | DEHP,DBP | HPLC | NA |
Lin [22] | China | urine | 32/20 | ICPP | 6.92 (1.8~8.5) | 5.92 (2.17~8.17) | MEHP, MBP, MMP, MBzP, MEP | HPLC-MS/MS | HP-1100 |
Lu et al. [23] | China | blood | 73/38 | PP | 5.8~11.9 | 6.5~11.2 | DEHP | HPLC | HP-1100 |
Wang et al. [24] | China | blood | 50/50 | PT | 1.04±0.53 | 1.12±0.65 | DEP | HPLC | Waters 1525 |
Chen et al. [25] | China | urine | 73/31 | ICPP | 2.5~11.5 | 2.2~8.3 | MEHP, MBP, MMP, MBzP, MEP,MEHHP,MEOHP | HPLC | HPLC 1200 |
Lomenick et al. [12] | USA | blood | 28/28 | ICPP | 7.24±0.24 | 7.12±0.25 | MEHP, MBP, MBzP, MEP, MEHHP, MEOHP,MCPP, MECPP, MiBP | HPLC | NA |
Colon et al. [11] | Puerto Rico | blood | 41/35 | PT | 0.5~8 | 0.5~10 | DBP | GC/MS | NA |
Frederiksen et al. [26] | Denmark | urine | 24/184 | CPP or PT | 7.4~9.9 | 7.4~9.9 | DEHP, MEP, MBP, MBzP | LCMS/ MS | NA |
Zhang et al. [27] | China | blood | 80/50 | ICPP | 6~11 | 6~12 | DEHP | HPLC | HP-1100 |
Song et al. [28] | China | blood | 80/80 | PP | 5~7 | 5~7 | DEHP,DBP | GC | GC5890F |
Yang et al. [29] | China | blood | 217/271 | ICPP | 7.91±0.85 | 7.20±0.70 | DEHP, DBP, MBP, DiBP | HPLC-MS/MS | NA |
Study | Selection | Comparability | Exposure | Score a | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adequate Case Definition | Representativeness of the Cases | Selection of Controls | Definition of Controls | Comparability of Cases and Controls on the Basis of the Design or Analysis | Ascertainment of Exposure | Same Method of Ascertainment for Cases and Controls | Non-Response Rate | ||
Chou et al. [18] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
Yum et al. [19] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
Cai et al. [20] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
Ke et al. [21] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
Lin [22] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
Lu et al. [23] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
Wang et al. [24] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
Chen et al. [25] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
Lomenick et al. [12] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
Colon et al. [11] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
Frederiksen et al. [26] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
Zhang et al. [27] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
Song et al. [28] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
Yang et al. [29] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
3.4. Serum PAEs and PP Risk
3.4.1. DEHP Exposure and PP Risk
3.4.2. DBP Exposure and PP Risk
3.4.3. DEP
3.5. Serum Concentration Difference of PAEs and Their Metabolites between PP Group and Control Group
3.5.1. DEHP
3.5.2. DBP
3.5.3. DiBP
3.5.4. MEHP
3.5.5. MBP
3.5.6. Other PAE Metabolites
3.6. Urinary Concentration Difference of PAEs’ Metabolites between PP Group and Control Group
Kinds of PAEs | Country | Combination Studies | Case/Contrl | SMD (95% CI) | p | Heterogeneity | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
χ2 | p | I2 | ||||||
MEHP | China | 3 | 129/82 | −0.44 [−1.18, 0.29] | 0.23 | 12.12 | 0.002 | 83% |
MBP | 3 | 127/233 | −0.11 [−0.48, 0.26] | 0.56 | 3.75 | 0.150 | 47% | |
China | 2 | 103/49 | −0.21 [−0.87, 0.46] | 0.54 | 3.46 | 0.060 | 71% | |
Denmark | 1 | 24/184 | 0.01 [−0.41, 0.44] | 0.96 | ||||
MMP | China | 3 | 129/82 | 0.27 [−0.21, 0.76] | 0.28 | 5.51 | 0.060 | 64% |
MBzP | 4 | 153/266 | 0.00 [−0.43, 0.43] | 0.99 | 9.46 | 0.020 | 68% | |
China | 3 | 129/82 | −0.04 [−0.68, 0.59] | 0.90 | 9.37 | 0.009 | 79% | |
Denmark | 1 | 24/184 | 0.09 [−0.33, 0.52] | 0.68 | ||||
MEP | 3 | 127/233 | 0.73 [−0.40, 1.86] | 0.21 | 33.18 | 0.000 | 94% | |
China | 2 | 103/49 | 0.16 [−0.19, 0.50] | 0.37 | 0.07 | 0.790 | 0% | |
Denmark | 1 | 24/84 | 1.84 [1.38, 2.30] | <0.01 |
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Files
Supplementary File 1Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Wen, Y.; Liu, S.-D.; Lei, X.; Ling, Y.-S.; Luo, Y.; Liu, Q. Association of PAEs with Precocious Puberty in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2015, 12, 15254-15268. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121214974
Wen Y, Liu S-D, Lei X, Ling Y-S, Luo Y, Liu Q. Association of PAEs with Precocious Puberty in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2015; 12(12):15254-15268. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121214974
Chicago/Turabian StyleWen, Yi, Shu-Dan Liu, Xun Lei, Yu-Shuang Ling, Yan Luo, and Qin Liu. 2015. "Association of PAEs with Precocious Puberty in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 12, no. 12: 15254-15268. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121214974