Carbonyl Compounds Generated from Electronic Cigarettes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Carbonyl Compounds Emitted from Japanese E-Cigarettes
Product | Nhigh Nlow | FR | Formaldehyde | Acetaldehyde | Acrolein | Propanal | Glyoxal | Methylglyoxal |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | 16 35 | 31 | 34 ± 35 n.d. | 26 ± 28 n.d. | 4.1 ± 3.8 n.d. | 8.8 ± 11 n.d. | 2.5 ± 3.6 n.d. | 2.9 ± 3.1 n.d. |
B | 06 24 | 20 | 13 ± 5.8 1.4 ± 0.9 | 0.2 ± 0.1 n.d. | 6.6 ± 2.4 1.2 ± 0.9 | 1.1 ± 0.7 n.d. | 16± 6.6 n.d. | 11 ± 4.3 2.0 ± 1.2 |
C | 08 22 | 27 | 22 ± 15.4 1.7 ± 1.4 | 0.9 ± 1.4 n.d. | 5.3 ± 5.5 0.6 ± 0.6 | 3.4 ± 3.5 n.d. | 9.9 ± 5.2 0.7 ± 0.7 | 12.1 ± 5.5 1.2 ± 1.0 |
D | 12 37 | 24 | 15 ± 6.6 0.8 ± 1.0 | 13.8 ± 6.6 n.d. | 20 ± 9.9 n.d. | 13.2 ± 10.5 n.d. | 4.2 ± 2.3 n.d. | 6.1 ± 4.1 n.d. |
E | 14 21 | 40 | 17 ± 7.7 0.7 ± 0.8 | 15 ± 6.1 n.d. | 18 ± 6.6 0.7 ± 0.9 | 15 ± 8.3 n.d. | 4.5 ± 2.4 n.d. | 4.7 ± 4.3 n.d. |
F | 02 03 | 40 | 6.6 ± 0.9 2.0 ± 1.7 | 1.5 ± 0.1 0.9 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.1 0.7 ± 0.3 | 0.4 ± 0.1 n.d. | 1.5 ± 0.4 n.d. | 3.2 ± 0.5 0.9 ± 0.8 |
G | 01 25 | 4 | 29 n.d. | 10 n.d. | 10 n.d. | 3.5 n.d. | 9.4 n.d. | 20 n.d. |
H | 05 25 | 17 | 10 ± 4.9 0.9 ± 1.4 | 4.6 ± 2.4 n.d. | 4.5 ± 2.2 n.d. | n.d. n.d. | 2.5 ± 0.5 n.d. | 4.6 ± 3.1 n.d. |
I | 06 24 | 20 | 3.2 ± 1.0 1.5 ± 1.4 | 6.1 ± 3.2 2.6 ± 2.9 | 6.1 ± 2.3 2.8 ± 2.7 | 7.7 ± 2.3 3.3 ± 3.4 | n.d. n.d. | n.d. n.d. |
J | 00 04 | 0 | n.a. n.d. | n.a. n.d. | n.a. n.d. | n.a. n.d. | n.a. n.d. | n.a. n.d. |
K | 00 30 | 0 | n.a. n.d. | n.a. n.d. | n.a. n.d. | n.a. n.d. | n.a. n.d. | n.a. n.d. |
L | 00 30 | 0 | n.a. n.d. | n.a. n.d. | n.a. n.d. | n.a. n.d. | n.a. n.d. | n.a. n.d. |
M | 00 13 | 0 | n.a. n.d. | n.a. n.d. | n.a. n.d. | n.a. n.d. | n.a. n.d. | n.a. n.d. |
3. Mechanism for Generation of Carbonyl Compounds from E-Cigarettes
4. Discussion
Product | Formaldehyde | Acetaldehyde | Acrolein |
---|---|---|---|
EC01 | 44.2 ± 4.1 | 4.6 ± 0.2 | 41.9 ± 3.4 |
EC02 | 23.6 ± 8.7 | 6.8 ± 3.2 | 4.4 ± 2.5 |
EC03 | 30.2 ± 2.3 | 8.2 ± 2.5 | 16.6 ± 2.5 |
EC04 | 47.9 ± 0.2 | 11.5 ± 2.0 | 30.1 ± 6.4 |
EC05 | 56.1 ± 1.4 | 3.0 ± 0.2 | 22.0 ± 1.6 |
EC06 | 35.3 ± 2.7 | 13.6 ± 2.1 | 2.1 ± 0.4 |
EC07 | 19.0 ± 2.7 | 11.1 ± 3.3 | 8.5 ± 3.6 |
EC08 | 6.0 ± 2.0 | 8.8 ± 1.6 | 0.7 ± 0.4 |
EC09 | 3.2 ± 0.8 | 3.5 ± 0.3 | ND |
EC10 | 3.9 ± 1.5 | 2.0 ± 0.1 | 2.7 ± 1.6 |
EC11 | 23.9 ± 11.1 | 3.7 ± 1.5 | 1.1 ± 0.6 |
EC12 | 46.3 ± 2.1 | 12.0 ± 2.4 | 7.4 ± 3.2 |
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Bekki, K.; Uchiyama, S.; Ohta, K.; Inaba, Y.; Nakagome, H.; Kunugita, N. Carbonyl Compounds Generated from Electronic Cigarettes. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2014, 11, 11192-11200. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph111111192
Bekki K, Uchiyama S, Ohta K, Inaba Y, Nakagome H, Kunugita N. Carbonyl Compounds Generated from Electronic Cigarettes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2014; 11(11):11192-11200. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph111111192
Chicago/Turabian StyleBekki, Kanae, Shigehisa Uchiyama, Kazushi Ohta, Yohei Inaba, Hideki Nakagome, and Naoki Kunugita. 2014. "Carbonyl Compounds Generated from Electronic Cigarettes" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 11, no. 11: 11192-11200. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph111111192