Radon Concentrations in Drinking Water in Beijing City, China and Contribution to Radiation Dose
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Water Sampling
2.2. Method of Measurements
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Radon Concentrations
Water Type | N | Mean(Bq/L) | Standard Deviation | Range(Bq/L) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Public water | 73 | 4.63 | 4.75 | LLD-29.00 |
Well | 16 | 11.41 | 11.00 | 1.45-49.00 |
Water Type | N | Mean(Bq/L) | Range(Bq/L) | Country | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Groundwater | 260 | 2.63 | 0.9–5.1 | India | [9] |
Well | 70 | - | Background–3.8 | Mexico | [10] |
Well | 27 | 9.28 | 1.42–53.64 | Turkey | [11] |
Tap | 19 | 5.65 | 0.91–12.58 | Turkey | [11] |
Groundwater | 89 | 1.92 | 0.42–10.52 | Poland | [12] |
Surface water | 1511 | 15.4 | 0.5–129.3 | Romaina | [13] |
Groundwater | |||||
Well | |||||
Spring water |
No. | Water Type | Before Treatment (Bq/L) | After Treatment (Bq/L) | Consumers’ Tap (Bq/L) |
---|---|---|---|---|
WS1 | Public water | 32.63 ± 1.75 | 28.53 ± 2.23 | 29.00 ± 0.22 |
WS2 | Public water | 12.19 ± 0.57 | 7.87 ± 1.12 | 9.50 ± 1.12 |
WS3 | Public water | 12.39 ± 0.93 | 11.23 ± 0.66 | 11.37 ± 1.23 |
WS4 | Public water | 7.59 ± 1.36 | 3.56 ± 0.86 a | 3.68 ± 0.81 |
WS5 | Public water | 15.68 ± 1.52 | 3.56 ± 0.46 b | - |
WS6 | Public water | 11.72 ± 1.61 | 10.80 ± 1.33 | - |
WS7 | Public water | 11.72 ± 1.61 | 11.12 ± 0.87 | - |
WS8 | Public water | 13.19 ± 1.32 | 11.12 ± 0.87 | - |
WS9 | Public water | 19.44 ± 1.11 | 19.53 ± 1.38 | - |
WS10 | Public water | 14.45 ± 1.85 | 4.61 ± 0.36 b | - |
WS11 | Public water | 16.58 ± 0.54 | 4.56 ± 0.42 b | - |
WS12 | Public water | 18.19 ± 2.28 | 5.59 ± 0.93 b | - |
WS13 | Public water | 26.19 ± 1.60 | 24.98 ± 1.37 | - |
WS14 | Well | 14.71 ± 0.97 | - | 14.69 ± 0.39 |
WS15 | Well | 7.48 ± 0.43 | - | 8.23 ± 1.15 |
WS16 | Well | 14.28 ± 0.82 | - | 17.94 ± 0.67 |
WS17 | Well | 49.00 ±2.84 | - | 52.85 ± 2.08 |
3.2. Effective Dose Calculation
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
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Wu, Y.-Y.; Ma, Y.-Z.; Cui, H.-X.; Liu, J.-X.; Sun, Y.-R.; Shang, B.; Su, X. Radon Concentrations in Drinking Water in Beijing City, China and Contribution to Radiation Dose. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2014, 11, 11121-11131. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph111111121
Wu Y-Y, Ma Y-Z, Cui H-X, Liu J-X, Sun Y-R, Shang B, Su X. Radon Concentrations in Drinking Water in Beijing City, China and Contribution to Radiation Dose. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2014; 11(11):11121-11131. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph111111121
Chicago/Turabian StyleWu, Yun-Yun, Yong-Zhong Ma, Hong-Xing Cui, Jian-Xiang Liu, Ya-Ru Sun, Bing Shang, and Xu Su. 2014. "Radon Concentrations in Drinking Water in Beijing City, China and Contribution to Radiation Dose" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 11, no. 11: 11121-11131. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph111111121