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Marine Drugs
Volume 23
Issue 10
10.3390/md23100408
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Article

Biodiversity and Biological Interactions of Actinobacteria Associated with Deep Sea and Intertidal Marine Invertebrates

by
Hosea Isanda Masaki
*,
Yannik Karl-Heinz Schneider
,
Ole Hinnerk Franz
,
Espen Holst Hansen
,
Jeanette Hammer Andersen
and
Teppo Rämä
Marbio, Faculty of Bioscience, Fisheries and Economics, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Mar. Drugs 2025, 23(10), 408; https://doi.org/10.3390/md23100408
Submission received: 25 September 2025 / Revised: 15 October 2025 / Accepted: 16 October 2025 / Published: 17 October 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Microorganisms Bioprospecting)
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Abstract

Studying marine Actinobacteria across ecological niches is essential for discovering novel natural products and understanding microbial interactions. In this study, we investigated the diversity of Actinobacteria associated with five Arctic marine invertebrates using both selective culture-based techniques and culture-independent methods. Additionally, we investigated bacteria–bacteria interactions in an advanced high-throughput co-cultivation assay. We isolated 25 Actinobacteria and classified them into 15 genera, with 53% of the isolates recovered from the sponge Halichondria panicea. In contrast, metabarcoding revealed a high diversity of Actinobacteria, with Chlamys islandica exhibiting the highest uniqueness of Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs), as 21.76% of its ASVs were found exclusively in this species. Similarly, not only did Dendrobeania sp. and Tricellaria ternata display notable levels of unique ASVs at 19.91% and 18.06%, respectively, they also shared 17.74% of ASVs, demonstrating a greater similarity in their microbial communities than between more distantly related hosts. A variety of microbial interactions were observed on solid medium, including both cooperative and antagonistic relationships, using the co-cultivation assay. These included inter- and intra-Actinobacteria interactions, as well as interactions with human pathogenic bacteria. The duration of co-cultivation and the physical proximity of bacterial partners influenced the extent of these interactions.
Keywords: actinobacteria; marine invertebrates; metabarcoding; high-throughput co-cultivation; antimicrobial activity; bacterial interactions actinobacteria; marine invertebrates; metabarcoding; high-throughput co-cultivation; antimicrobial activity; bacterial interactions
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MDPI and ACS Style

Masaki, H.I.; Schneider, Y.K.-H.; Franz, O.H.; Hansen, E.H.; Andersen, J.H.; Rämä, T. Biodiversity and Biological Interactions of Actinobacteria Associated with Deep Sea and Intertidal Marine Invertebrates. Mar. Drugs 2025, 23, 408. https://doi.org/10.3390/md23100408

AMA Style

Masaki HI, Schneider YK-H, Franz OH, Hansen EH, Andersen JH, Rämä T. Biodiversity and Biological Interactions of Actinobacteria Associated with Deep Sea and Intertidal Marine Invertebrates. Marine Drugs. 2025; 23(10):408. https://doi.org/10.3390/md23100408

Chicago/Turabian Style

Masaki, Hosea Isanda, Yannik Karl-Heinz Schneider, Ole Hinnerk Franz, Espen Holst Hansen, Jeanette Hammer Andersen, and Teppo Rämä. 2025. "Biodiversity and Biological Interactions of Actinobacteria Associated with Deep Sea and Intertidal Marine Invertebrates" Marine Drugs 23, no. 10: 408. https://doi.org/10.3390/md23100408

APA Style

Masaki, H. I., Schneider, Y. K.-H., Franz, O. H., Hansen, E. H., Andersen, J. H., & Rämä, T. (2025). Biodiversity and Biological Interactions of Actinobacteria Associated with Deep Sea and Intertidal Marine Invertebrates. Marine Drugs, 23(10), 408. https://doi.org/10.3390/md23100408

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